Prevalence Atopobium vagina in vaginal samples of symptomatic non-pregnant women

authors:

avatar Hamideh Maftoon , avatar Nour Amirmozafari , * , avatar Maryam Kashanian , avatar Mojgan Oshaghi

Koomesh: Vol.18, issue 1; 174-179
published online: September 28, 2016
article type: issue_documents_importer
received: February 01, 2016
accepted: July 02, 2016

how to cite: Maftoon H, Amirmozafari N, Kashanian M, Oshaghi M. Prevalence Atopobium vagina in vaginal samples of symptomatic non-pregnant women. koomesh. 2016;18(1):e151160. 

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is not a mono-factorial infection. A synergism of microaerophilic bacteria, Mycoplasma spp., and anaerobic bacteria such as Atopobium vaginae, Porphyromonas spp., Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., and others are involved in these infections. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence of Atopobium vaginae in non-pregnant women suffering from bacterial vaginosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 non-pregnant women who referred to ShahidAkbarabadi hospital in Tehran were tested for bacterial vaginosis.  In order to isolate Atopobiumvaginae the sample was cultured on Colombia agar containing Amphotericin B, Nalidixic acid and Colistin. Additionally, they were simultaneously cultured on blood agar plates containing fresh human blood and Amphotericin B under anaerobic conditions. After extraction DNA from colonies and vaginal specimens, PCR amplification was performed by using specific primers for detection of Atopobiumvaginae. Results: From a total of 102 women who referred to the hospital, 38 cases were confirmed for bacterial vaginosi. With PCR assay, 25 of these 38 cases (%65) were positive for Atopobiumvaginae. Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation of Atopobiumvaginae in Iran.The results of this investigation points to a clear association ofAtopobiumvaginaewith bacterial vaginosis and Atopobiumvaginae should also be considered as a probable etiological agent

References

  • 1.

    Gergova RT, Strateva TV, Mitov IG. Gardnerella vaginalis-associated bacterial vaginosis in Bulgarian women. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17: 313-318.

  • 2.

    Dermendjiev T, Pehlivanov B, Hadjieva K, Stanev S. [Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological findings in women with aerobic vaginitis]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 2014; 54: 4-8.

  • 3.

    Mitchell CM, Haick A, Nkwopara E, Garcia R, Rendi M, Agnew K, Fredricks DN, Eschenbach D. Colonization of the upper genital tract by vaginal bacterial species in nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212: 611.e1-e9.

  • 4.

    Machado A, Salgueiro D, Harwich M, Jefferson KK, Cerca N. Quantitative analysis of initial adhesion of bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobes to ME-180 cells. Anaerobe 2013; 23: 1-4.

  • 5.

    Polatti F. Bacterial vaginosis, Atopobium vaginae and nifuratel. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2012; 7: 36-40.

  • 6.

    Livengood CH. Bacterial vaginosis: an overview for 2009. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2009; 2: 28-37.

  • 7.

    Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Delanghe J, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora suggests a strong association between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. BMC Microbiol 2004; 4: 16.

  • 8.

    Aminzadeh Z, Fadaeian A. Reactive arthritis induced by bacterial vaginosis: prevention with an effective treatment. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4: 841.

  • 9.

    Africa CW. Efficacy of methods used for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Expert Opin Med Diagn 2013; 7: 189-200.

  • 10.

    Discacciati MG, Simoes JA, Amaral RG, Brolazo E, RabeloSantos SH, Westin MC, Montemor EB. Presence of 20% or more clue cells: an accurate criterion for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in Papanicolaou cervical smears. Diagn Cytopathol 2006; 34: 272-276.

  • 11.

    Chan JF, Lau SK, Curreem SO, To KK, Leung SS, Cheng VC, Yuen K-Y, Woo PC. First report of spontaneous intrapartum Atopobium vaginae bacteremia. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 2525-2528.

  • 12.

    Collins M, Wallbanks S. Comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes of Lactobacillus minutus, Lactobacillus rimae and Streptococcus parvulus: proposal for the creation of a new genus Atopobium. FEMS Microbiol lett 1992; 95: 235-240.

  • 13.

    Jovita MR, Collins MD, Sjdn B, Falsen E. Characterization of a novel Atopobium isolate from the human vagina: description of Atopobium vaginae sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49: 1573-1576.

  • 14.

    Kageyama A, Benno Y, Nakase T. Phylogenic and phenotypic evidence for the transfer of Eubacterium fossor to the genus Atopobium as Atopobium fossor comb. nov. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43: 389-395.

  • 15.

    Vos P, Garrity G, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman W. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 3: The Firmicutes: Springer Science & Business Media; 2011.

  • 16.

    Mohammadzadeh F, Dolatian M, Jorjani M, Majd HA. Diagnostic value of amsel's clinical criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 7: 8-14.

  • 17.

    Bradshaw C, Tabrizi S, Fairley C, Morton A, Rudland E, Garland S. The association of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis with bacterial vaginosis and recurrence after oral metronidazole therapy. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 828-836.

  • 18.

    Djuki S, irkovi I, Arsi B, Garaleji E. [Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis]. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2012; 141: 560-564.

  • 19.

    Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Martin DH. Use of species-directed 16S rRNA gene PCR primers for detection of Atopobium vaginae in patients with bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 5892-5894.

  • 20.

    Backer E, Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Alqumber MA, Burton JP, Tagg JR, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Quantitative determination by real-time PCR of four vaginal Lactobacillus species, Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae indicates an inverse relationship between L. gasseri and L. iners. BMC Microbiol 2007; 7: 1.

  • 21.

    Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Claeys G, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191: 1130-1132.

  • 22.

    Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Aldridge KE, Fortenberry JD, Fidel PL, Martin DH. Association of atopobium vaginae, a recently described metronidazole resistant anaerobe, with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4: 5.

  • 23.

    Burton JP, Devillard E, Cadieux PA, Hammond J-A, Reid G. Detection of Atopobium vaginae in postmenopausal women by cultivation-independent methods warrants further investigation. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 1829-1831.

  • 24.

    Haahr T, Jensen J, Thomsen L, Duus L, Rygaard K, Humaidan P. Abnormal vaginal microbiota may be associated with poor reproductive outcomes: A prospective study in IVF patients. Hum Reprod 2016; 31: 795-803.

  • 25.

    Fredricks DN, Marrazzo JM. Molecular methodology in determining vaginal flora in health and disease: its time has come. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2005; 7: 463-470.

  • 26.

    Cartwright CP, Lembke BD, Ramachandran K, Body BA, Nye MB, Rivers CA, Schwebke JR. Development and validation of a semiquantitative, multitarget PCR assay for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 2321-2329.

  • 27.

    Burton JP, Chilcott CN, ALQUMBER M, Brooks HJ, Wilson D, Tagg JR, Devenish C. A preliminary survey of Atopobium vaginae in women attending the Dunedin gynaecology outpatients clinic: Is the contribution of the hardtoculture microbiota overlooked in gynaecological disorders? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2005; 45: 450-452.