Pathophysiology, genetics, types, and treatments in obsessive compulsive disorder

authors:

avatar Mona Zamanian-Azodi , avatar Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani ORCID , * , avatar Tahereh Kermani-Ranjbar , avatar Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie , avatar Majid Rezaei-Tavirani , avatar Sara RahmatiRad , avatar Nemat Sotodeh Asl

Koomesh: Vol.16, issue 4; 475-487
published online: May 05, 2015
article type: Research Article
received: January 01, 2015
accepted: April 01, 2015

how to cite: Zamanian-Azodi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Kermani-Ranjbar T, Arefi Oskouie A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, et al. Pathophysiology, genetics, types, and treatments in obsessive compulsive disorder. koomesh. 2015;16(4):e151231. 

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth common disorder. It is accompanied with repetitive thoughts or behaviors, or even both that can impair personal and social life.  Until recent years, it was very difficult and often unsuccessful and has been associated with recurrence. In the past, there was no precise understanding of the pathophysiology of mental diseases until recent years, using advanced molecular techniques such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Great transformation in the understanding of this type of disease is ongoing. This article presents a mini-review on obsessive-compulsive disorder and related aspects to provide a better understanding of this complex disease.More than 100 scientific articles from different sources including Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer and Pubmed were chosen from 1984 to 2015 for this aim.  Studies have been shown that the cause of this disease is multi-factorial. Variety of genes and environmental factors play significant role. In fact, dopamine, serotonin and glutarmatic pathway genes are closely related to these phenotypes. In addition, environmental factors can be refers to teratogenic factors during fetal development or soon after birth, or even certain bacterial infections and brain injury. Either medication or behavior therapy and sometimes both are the options for OCD treatment. The WHO has named it as the tenth paralyzing anxiety disease.