Analysis of the incidence and mortality rate of Alzheimer’s and other dementias during the last 30 years in Iran

authors:

avatar Mohammadreza Balooch Hasankhani , avatar mahdyieh naziri , avatar Masoud Roudbari ORCID , *

Koomesh: Vol.24, issue 1; 49-56
published online: March 02, 2022
article type: issue_documents_importer
received: April 01, 2021
accepted: August 01, 2021

how to cite: Balooch Hasankhani M, naziri M, Roudbari M. Analysis of the incidence and mortality rate of Alzheimer’s and other dementias during the last 30 years in Iran. koomesh. 2022;24(1):e152386. 

Abstract

Introduction: Assessing the course of Alzheimer;#39s disease and other dementias is very important due to lack of a definitive treatment, increase in life expectancy, and aging population. This study aimed to investigate the long-term trend in the incidence and mortality rate of Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias in Iran during 1990-2019. Materials and Methods: Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias was collected by sex, and incidence and mortality rates of Iran for each 5 yeas group was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease site. ASIR and ASMR trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression model. Results: In this study, the trend of standardized incidence of age-related Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias increased significantly by an yearly average of 0.02% for 30 years, and for the mortality rate, 0.004% annual insignificant decrease was observed. The trend in the standardized incidence and mortality of Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias during the study period was declining for men but upward for women. The highest average annual percent change (AAPC) for incidence and mortality of Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias was observed in the age group of 50-54 years with AAPC= 0.19, and 75-79 years with AAPC= 0.11 respectively. Conclusion: The results of study showed that in Iran the ASIR, and ASMR of Alzheimer;#39s and other dementias is decreasing in male and increasing in femals, and also its rate is more in the area.  Therefore, informative action, and more serious preventive steps should be taken, especially for women and in the age group of 50-54 years.  

References

  • 1.

    Jadidi A, Farahaninia M, Janmohammadi S, Haghani H. The relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among elderly people residing in kahrizak senior house. Iran J Nurs 2011; 24: 48-56 (Persian).

  • 2.

    Sharifi F, Fakhrzadeh H, Varmaghani M, Arzaghi SM, Khoei MA, Farzadfar F, et al. Prevalence of dementia and associated factors among older adults in Iran: National Elderly Health Survey (NEHS). Arch Iran Med 2016; 19: 838-844.

  • 3.

    Sigaroudi AE, Nayeri ND, Peyrovi H. Antecedents of elderly home residency in cognitive healthy elders: A qualitative study. lobal J Health Sci 2013; 5: 200-207. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v5n2p200 PMid:23445709 PMCid:PMC4776795.

  • 4.

    Nayeri ND, Abazari F, Pouraboli B. Challenges in caring for the elderly in Iran: A systematic review. Ethiop Med J 2018; 56: 189-196.

  • 5.

    Duong S, Patel T, Chang F. Dementia: What pharmacists need to know. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2017; 150: 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163517690745 PMid:28405256 PMCid:PMC5384525.

  • 6.

    Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G, Wu Y, Prina M. The global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends. World Alzheimer Report 2015; 2015.

  • 7.

    Sosa-Ortiz AL, Acosta-Castillo I, Prince MJ. Epidemiology of dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 2012; 43: 600-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.11.003 PMid:23159715.

  • 8.

    Tel H. Sleep quality and quality of life among the elderly people. Neurol Psychiatr Brain Res 2013; 19: 48-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2012.10.002.

  • 9.

    Parsa N. Alzheimer's disease: A medical challenge of 21st century. J Arak Univ Med Sci 2011; 14: 100-108. (Persian).

  • 10.

    Huang LK, Chao SP, Hu CJ. Clinical trials of new drugs for Alzheimer disease. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-019-0609-7 PMid:31906949 PMCid:PMC6943903.

  • 11.

    Senapati S, Bharti N, Bhattacharya A. Modern lifestyle diseases: chronic diseases, awareness and prevention. Int J Curr Res Acad Rev 2015; 3: 215-223.

  • 12.

    Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Shen C, Pandav RS, DeKosky ST. Alzheimer disease and mortality: a 15-year epidemiological study. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 779-784. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.62.5.779 PMid:15883266.

  • 13.

    Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, Eheman C, Zauber AG, Anderson RN, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer 2010; 116: 544-573. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24760 PMid:19998273 PMCid:PMC3619726.

  • 14.

    Global Burden of Disease. Seattle, WA, University of Washington: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2019 Available at: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/.

  • 15.

    National Cancer Institute. Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software, Version 4.8.0. National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences. Available at: https://surveillance.cancer.gov/joinpoint/.

  • 16.

    Melo SCd, Champs APS, Goulart RF, Malta DC, Passos VMdA. Dementias in Brazil: increasing burden in the 2000-2016 period. Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2020; 78: 762-771. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200059 PMid:33295419.

  • 17.

    Niu H, AlvarezAlvarez I, GuillenGrima F, AlRahamneh M, AguinagaOntoso I. Trends of mortality from Alzheimer's disease in the European Union, 1994-2013. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24: 858-866. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13302 PMid:28544405.

  • 18.

    Ohara T, Hata J, Yoshida D, Mukai N, Nagata M, Iwaki T, et al. Trends in dementia prevalence, incidence, and survival rate in a Japanese community. Neurology 2017; 88: 1925-1932. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003932 PMid:28424272.

  • 19.

    Chien IC, Lin YC, Chou YJ, Lin CH, Bih SH, Lee CH, et al. Treated prevalence and incidence of dementia among National Health Insurance enrollees in Taiwan, 1996-2003. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2008; 21: 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988708316859 PMid:18474723.

  • 20.

    Doblhammer G, Fink A, Zylla S, Willekens F. Compression or expansion of dementia in Germany? An observational study of short-term trends in incidence and death rates of dementia between 2006/07 and 2009/10 based on German health insurance data. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-015-0146-x PMid:26537590 PMCid:PMC4634148.

  • 21.

    Kosteniuk JG, Morgan DG, O'Connell ME, Kirk A, Crossley M, Teare GF, et al. Simultaneous temporal trends in dementia incidence and prevalence, 2005-2013: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Saskatchewan, Canada. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28: 1643-1658. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216000818 PMid:27352934.

  • 22.

    Winblad B, Amouyel P, Andrieu S, Ballard C, Brayne C, Brodaty H, et al. Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15: 455-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)00062-4.

  • 23.

    Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4: 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70141-1.

  • 24.

    Strachan MW, Price JF, Frier BM. Diabetes, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Br Med J Publish Group 2008; 336: 6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39386.664016.BE PMid:18174567 PMCid:PMC2174783.

  • 25.

    Gustafson D. Adiposity indices and dementia. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70526-9.

  • 26.

    James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1789-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7##.

  • 27.

    Nalini M, Khoshnia M, Kamangar F, Sharafkhah M, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, et al. Joint effect of diabetes and opiate use on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Golestan cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 50: 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa126 PMid:32810213 PMCid:PMC7938504.

  • 28.

    Collaborators GB, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, et al. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362 PMid:28604169 PMCid:PMC5477817.

  • 29.

    Li S, Yan F, Li G, Chen C, Zhang W, Liu J, et al. Is the dementia rate increasing in Beijing? Prevalence and incidence of dementia 10 years later in an urban elderly population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2007; 115: 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00859.x PMid:17201869.

  • 30.

    Giedd JN, Raznahan A, Mills KL, Lenroot RK. Magnetic resonance imaging of male/female differences in human adolescent brain anatomy. Biol Sex Differ 2012; 3: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2042-6410-3-19 PMid:22908911 PMCid:PMC3472204##.

  • 31.

    Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Goate AM. Alzheimer's disease: the challenge of the second century. Sci Transla Med 2011; 3: 77sr1-sr1. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002369.

  • 32.

    Nichols E, Szoeke CE, Vollset SE, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18: 88-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30403-4.

  • 33.

    Sinforiani E, Citterio A, Zucchella C, Bono G, Corbetta S, Merlo P, et al. Impact of gender differences on the outcome of Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 30: 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1159/000318842 PMid:20733307.

  • 34.

    Hung YN, Kadziola Z, Brnabic AJ, Yeh JF, Fuh JL, Hwang JP, et al. The epidemiology and burden of Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2016; 8: 387-395. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S93323 PMid:27536149 PMCid:PMC4976820.

  • 35.

    Fitzpatrick A, Kuller LH, Lopez OL Diehr P, O'Meara ES, Longstreth WT, et al. Mid- and late-life obesity: risk of dementia in the cardiovascular health cognition study. Arch Neurol 2009; 66: 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2008.582 PMid:19273752 PMCid:PMC3513375.

  • 36.

    Corrada MM, Hayden KM, Paganini-Hill A, Bullain SS, DeMoss J, Aguirre C, et al. Age of onset of hypertension and risk of dementia in the oldest-old: The 90+ Study. Alzheimer Dement 2017; 13: 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.007 PMid:28108119 PMCid:PMC5318224.