A review on precision medicine and conducting pharmacogenetics tests of drugs

authors:

avatar Marzieh Nosrati ORCID , avatar Mandana Hasanzad , avatar Shekoufeh Nikfar ORCID , *

Koomesh: Vol.24, issue 2; 230-236
published online: August 01, 2022
article type: Review Article
received: May 03, 2021
accepted: January 01, 2022

how to cite: Nosrati M, Hasanzad M, Nikfar S. A review on precision medicine and conducting pharmacogenetics tests of drugs. koomesh. 2022;24(2):e152665. 

Abstract

Precision medicine, the selection of treatment based on the genetic characteristics of patients, is one of the new paradigms of medical science. Using genetic characteristics and biomarkers, patients;#39 response to different treatments is evaluated and finally, a specific one is selected for them. In other words, using genetic information or biomarkers, the safety, effectiveness and outcomes of treatments are evaluated and then decisions are made for the best method of prevention or efficient treatment. In recent decades, precision medicine has been focused and placed beyond laboratory knowledge in health services and policies. Besides, the tendency to apply this approach has increased due to the ineffectiveness and unsafety of all available medicines. The main issue of precision medicine is a targeted treatment approach based on pharmacogenetic tests. Performing such tests by checking for the presence or absence of specific biomarkers, when prescribing a drug or medication regimen, will help to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevent adverse drug reactions during therapy. The present article reviews the types of medicines in Iran drug list (the official list of drugs in the country) that have biomarkers and require pharmacogenetic tests. In addition, this article points out the importance of applying these tests in cases other than determining the drug indication.

References

  • 1.

    Payne K, Annemans L. Reflections on market access for personalized medicine: recommendations for Europe. Value Health 2013; 16: S32-S38.

  • 2.

    Janiaud P, Serghiou S, Ioannidis JP. New clinical trial designs in the era of precision medicine: an overview of definitions, strengths, weaknesses, and current use in oncology. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 73: 20-30.

  • 3.

    Faulkner E, Annemans L, Garrison L, Helfand M, Holtorf A-P, Hornberger J, et al. Challenges in the development and reimbursement of personalized medicine-payer and manufacturer perspectives and implications for health economics and outcomes research: a report of the ISPOR Personalized Medicine Special Interest Group. Value Health 2012; 15: 1162-1171.

  • 4.

    Food UJ. Master protocols: efficient clinical trial design strategies to expedite development of oncology drugs and biologics. Guidance Indust 2018.

  • 5.

    Redekop WK, Mladsi D. The faces of personalized medicine: a framework for understanding its meaning and scope. Value Health 2013; 16: S4-S9.

  • 6.

    Groessl EJ, Tally SR, Hillery N, Maciel A, Garces JA. Cost-effectiveness of a pharmacogenetic test to guide treatment for major depressive disorder. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2018; 24: 726-734.

  • 7.

    Verbelen M, Weale ME, Lewis CM. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic-guided treatment: are we there yet? Pharmacogenomics J 2017; 17: 395-402.

  • 8.

    https://www.fda.gov/drugs/science-and-research-drugs/table-pharmacogenomic-biomarkers-drug-labeling.

  • 9.

    https://www.fda.gov.ir/fa//---.

  • 10.

    Marques FB, Penedones A, Mendes D, Alves C. A systematic review of observational studies evaluating costs of adverse drug reactions. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2016; 8: 413.

  • 11.

    Collins SL, Carr DF, Pirmohamed M. Advances in the Pharmacogenomics of Adverse Drug Reactions. Drug Safety 2016; 39: 15-27.

  • 12.

    Amin AM, Chin LS, Azri Mohamed Noor D, SK Abdul Kader MA, Kah Hay Y, Ibrahim B. The personalization of clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy: the role of integrative pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics. Cardiol Res Pract 2017; 2017.

  • 13.

    Groessl EJ, Tally SR, Hillery N, Maciel A, Garces JA. Cost-effectiveness of a pharmacogenetic test to guide treatment for major depressive disorder. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2018; 24: 726-734.

  • 14.

    Alagoz O, Durham D, Kasirajan K. Cost-effectiveness of one-time genetic testing to minimize lifetime adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics J 2016; 16: 129-136.

  • 15.

    Plothner M, Ribbentrop D, Hartman JP, Frank M. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic test-guided personalized therapies: a systematic review of the approved Active substances for personalized medicine in Germany. Adv Ther 2016; 33: 1461-1480.##.