Reliability and validity of clinical and imaging methods in the assessment of the diastasis recti: A systematic review

Author(s):
Elham SoleimanzadehElham Soleimanzadeh, Hakimeh AdigozaliHakimeh AdigozaliHakimeh Adigozali ORCID,*, Fariba GhaderiFariba GhaderiFariba Ghaderi ORCID, Tabassom GhanavatiTabassom GhanavatiTabassom Ghanavati ORCID, Morteza GhojazadehMorteza Ghojazadeh, Fatemeh SalehniaFatemeh SalehniaFatemeh Salehnia ORCID

Koomesh:Vol. 24, issue 4; 434-450
Published online:Sep 01, 2022
Article type:Review Article
Received:Aug 01, 2021
Accepted:Jan 01, 2022
How to Cite:Soleimanzadeh E, Adigozali H, Ghaderi F, Ghanavati T, Ghojazadeh M, et al. Reliability and validity of clinical and imaging methods in the assessment of the diastasis recti: A systematic review. koomesh. 2022;24(4):e152752. doi:

Abstract

References

  • 1.
    Kisner C, Colby L A, Borstad J, Editors. Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and techniques. 2nd ed. United States of America: F.A Davis Company; 2018.
  • 2.
    Benjamin DR, Frawley HC, Shields N, Water ATMvd, Taylor NF. Relationship between diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) and musculoskeletal dysfunctions, pain and quality of life: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2019; 105: 24-34.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2018.07.002PMid:30217494.
  • 3.
    Chiarello CM, McAuley JA. Concurrent validity of calipers and ultrasound imaging to measure interrecti distance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 43: 495-503.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2013.4449PMid:23633625.
  • 4.
    Izadi F, Khalkhali Zaviyeh M, Akbarzadeh Baghban A. Structural response of abdominal muscles to six weeks of strengthening training in women with diastasis recti. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infert 2018; 21: 71-82.
  • 5.
    Candido G, Lo T, Janssen PA. Risk factors for diastasis of the recti abdominis. Association of chartered physiotherapists in womens health 2005; 97: 49 [abstract].
  • 6.
    Emanuelsson P, Gunnarsson U, Dahlstrand U, Strigard K, Stark B. Operative correction of abdominal rectus diastasis (ARD) reduces pain and improves abdominal wall muscle strength: A randomized, prospective trial comparing retromuscular mesh repair to double-row, self-retaining sutures. Surgery 2016; 160: 1367-1375.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2016.05.035PMid:27475817.
  • 7.
    Gillard S, Ryan CG, Stokes M, Warner M, Dixon J. Effects of posture and anatomical location on inter-recti distance measured using ultrasound imaging in parous women. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2018; 34: 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2017.11.010PMid:29195217.
  • 8.
    Liaw LJ, Hsu MJ, Liao Ch F, Liu MF, Hsu AT. The relationships between inter-recti distance measured by ultrasound imaging and abdominal muscle function in postpartum women: A 6-month follow-up study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011; 41: 435-443.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.3507PMid:21289454.
  • 9.
    Dalal K, Kaur A, Mitra M. Correlation between diastasis rectus abdominis and lumbopelvic pain and dysfunction. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2014; 8: 210-214.https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0973-5674.8.1.040.
  • 10.
    Blyholder L, Chumanov E, Carr K, Heiderscheit B. Exercise behaviors and health conditions of runners after childbirth. Sports Health 2016; 9: 45-51.https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738116673605PMid:27742879 PMCid:PMC5315256.
  • 11.
    Spitznagle TM, Leong FC, Van Dillen LR. Prevalence of diastasis recti abdominis in a urogynecological patient population. Int Urogynecol J 2007; 18: 321-328.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-006-0143-5PMid:16868659.
  • 12.
    Barbosa S, Sa Ramd, Velarde LG. Diastasis of rectus abdominis in the immediate puerperium: correlation between imaging diagnosis and clinical examination. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288: 299-303.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2725-zPMid:23435798.
  • 13.
    Emanuelsson P, Dahlstrand U, Stromsten U, Gunnarsson U, Strigard K, Stark B. Analysis of the abdominal musculo-aponeurotic anatomy in rectus diastasis: comparison of CT scanning and preoperative clinical assessment with direct measurement intraoperatively. Hernia 2014; 18: 465-471.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-014-1221-0PMid:24488508.
  • 14.
    Elkhatib H, Buddhavarapu SR, Henna H, Kassem W. Abdominal musculoaponeuretic system: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation before and after vertical plication of rectus muscle diastasis in conjunction with lipoabdominoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 128: 733-740..https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318230c8a1PMid:22094774.
  • 15.
    Mendes Dde, Nahas FX, Veiga DF, Mende FV, Figueiras RG, Gomes HC, et al. Ultrasonography for measuring rectus abdominis muscles diastasis1. Acta Cir Bras 2007; 22: 182-186.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502007000300005PMid:17546290.
  • 16.
    Water ATMvd, Benjamin DR. Measurement methods to assess diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM): A systematic review of their measurement properties and meta-analytic reliability generalisation. Man Ther 2016; 21: 41-53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.09.013PMid:26474542.
  • 17.
    Bursch SG. Interrater reliability of diastasis recti abdominis measurement. Phys Ther 1987; 67: 1077-1079.https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.7.1077PMid:2955430.
  • 18.
    Mota P, Pascoal AG, Sancho F, Carita AI, B K. Reliability of the inter-rectus distance measured by palpation. Comparison of palpation and ultrasound measurements. Man Ther 2013; 18: 294-298.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.10.013PMid:23298825.
  • 19.
    Boxer S, Jones S. Intra-rater reliability of rectus abdominis diastasis measurement using dial calipers. Aust J Physiother 1997; 43: 110-114.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60405-0.
  • 20.
    Nahas FX, Augusto SM, Ghelfond C. Nylon versus polydioxanone in the correction of rectus diastasis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 107: 700-706.https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200103000-00008PMid:11304594.
  • 21.
    Liaw YF, Lie S, Hsiao S. The reliability of measuring of inter-recti distance using real-time ultrasonography. Formos J Phys Ther 2006. [Abstract].
  • 22.
    Liaw LJ, Hsu MJ, Liao CF, Liu MF, Hsu AT. The relationships between inter-recti distance measured by ultrasound imaging and abdominal muscle function in postpartum women: a 6-month follow-up study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011; 41: 435-443.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2011.3507PMid:21289454.
  • 23.
    Mota P, Pascoal AG, Sancho F, Bo K. Test-retest and intrarater reliability of 2-dimensional ultrasound measurements of distance between rectus abdominis in women. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012; 42: 940-946.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.4115PMid:22810966.
  • 24.
    Iwan T, Garton B, Ellis R. The reliability of measuring the inter-recti distance using highresolution and low-resolution ultrasound imaging comparing a novice to an experienced sonographer. N Z J Physiother 2014; 42: 154-163.https://doi.org/10.15619/NZJP/42.3.07.
  • 25.
    Keshwani N, McLean L. Ultrasound imaging in postpartum women with diastasis recti: Intrarater between-session reliability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45: 713-718.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2015.5879PMid:26161625.
  • 26.
    Keshwani N, Mathur S, McLean L. Validity of inter-rectus distance measurement in postpartum women using extended field-of-view ultrasound imaging techniques. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45: 808-813.https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2015.6143PMid:26304645.
  • 27.
    Keshwani N, Hills N, McLean L. Inter-rectus distance measurement using ultrasound imaging: does the rater matter? Physiother Can 2016; 68: 223-229.https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2015-36PMid:27909371 PMCid:PMC5125459.
  • 28.
    Scepanovic D, Osredkar N, Rostohar M, Verdenik I. The reliability of measuring diastasis recti abdominis in pregnant women using ultrasound. Focus (Med Sci J) 2018; 4: 9-12.
  • 29.
    Tahan N, Mohseni-Bandpei AM, Mikaili S, Akbarzadeh-Baghban A. Sonography of the abdominal muscles thickness during rest and contraction before and after food consumption. Koomesh 2016; 18: 243-249. (Persian).

Similar Articles

17
Aug
2022
Iran J Pediatr

Transabdominal Ultrasound Measurement of the Diameter of Rectal Ampulla as a Less Invasive Modality for Digital Rectal Examination in Children with Functional Constipation

Farid Imanzadeh,
Amirhossein Hosseini,
Mitra Khalili,
Elaheh Naghdi,
Mahmoud Hajipour,
Parin Yazdanifard
,et al.

Imanzadeh F, Hosseini A, Khalili M, Naghdi E, Hajipour M, et al. Transabdominal Ultrasound Measurement of the Diameter of Rectal Ampulla as a Less Invasive Modality for Digital Rectal Examination in Children with Functional Constipation. Inn J Pediatr. 2022;32(5):e114354. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijp-114354

28
Feb
2014

How Useful is Ultrasound in the Imaging Workup of Malrotation?

Ali Reza Khatami,
Kiarash Mahdavi

Reza Khatami A, Mahdavi K. How Useful is Ultrasound in the Imaging Workup of Malrotation?. I J Radiol. 2014;11(30th Iranian Congress of Radiology):e21395. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/iranjradiol.21395

20
Jul
2014

Reliability of Rehabilitative Ultrasonography to Measure Transverse Abdominis and Multifidus Muscle Dimensions

Narjes Nabavi,
Zahra Mosallanezhad,
Hamid Reza Haghighatkhah,
Mohammad Ali Mohseni Bandpeid

Nabavi N, Mosallanezhad Z, Haghighatkhah HR, Mohseni Bandpeid MA. Reliability of Rehabilitative Ultrasonography to Measure Transverse Abdominis and Multifidus Muscle Dimensions. I J Radiol. 2014;11(3):e21008. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/iranjradiol.21008

12
Apr
2017

Assessment of Adherence to the STARD Statement for the Quality of Reports on Diagnostic Studies Published on the Iranian Journal of Radiology

Fariba Zarei,
Banafsheh Zeinali-Rafsanjani

Zarei F, Zeinali-Rafsanjani B. Assessment of Adherence to the STARD Statement for the Quality of Reports on Diagnostic Studies Published on the Iranian Journal of Radiology. I J Radiol. 2017;14(Special Issue):e48157. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/iranjradiol.48157

30
Apr
2025
I J Radiol

Imaging Findings in Symptomatic Appendiceal Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Fatemeh Shakki Katouli,
Sarah Torabi,
Ava Akhavan Malayeri,
Parnia Rahnamay Farnood,
Hamed Qhorani,
Fahimeh Azizinik
,et al.

Shakki Katouli F, Torabi S, Akhavan Malayeri A, Rahnamay Farnood P, Qhorani H, et al. Imaging Findings in Symptomatic Appendiceal Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. I J Radiol. 2025;22(2):e142342. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/iranjradiol-142342

Share on
Cited by
Metrics

Ordering Reprints

Articles are published under the Creative Commons license stated on each article. No permission or royalty fee is required for uses permitted by that license. CCC handles optional bulk and customized reprint orders. Any quotation covers production and delivery services only, not copyright permission. > Request Reprints from CCC 

Search Relations

Author(s):

Related Articles