The effect of two different propofol doses on the prevention of nausea and vomiting in discectomy surgery under spinal anesthesia: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

References

• 1.
  Hutchens MP, Memtsoudis S, Sadovnikoff N. Propofol for sedation in neuro-intensive care. Neurocrit Care 2006; 4: 54-62.
• 2.
  Kotani Y, Shimazawa M, Yoshimura S, Iwama T, Hara H. The experimental and clinical pharmacology of propofol, an anesthetic agent with neuroprotective properties. CNS Neurosc Ther 2008; 14: 95-106.
• 3.
  Wang P, Chen J, Mu LH, Du QH, Niu XH, Zhang MY. Propofol inhibits invasion and enhances paclitaxel- induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through the suppression of the transcription factor slug. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17: 1722-1729.
• 4.
  Vasileiou I, Xanthos T, Koudouna E, Perrea D, Klonaris C, Katsargyris A, Papadimitriou L. Propofol: a review of its nonanaesthetic effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 605: 1-8.
• 5.
  Hosseinzadeh B, Zahedian F, Ghorbani R, Forozesfard M. Incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting following induction and maintance of general anesthesia with propofol or induction by propofol and maintenance with isoflurane: A randomized clinical trial. Koomesh 2013; 15: 54-58. (Persian).
• 6.
  Rodriques AM, Roy PM. Post-lumbar puncture headache. Rev Prat 2007; 57: 353-357.
• 7.
  Crock C, Orsini F, Lee KJ, Phillips RJ. Headache after lumbar puncture: randomised crossover trial of 22-gauge versus 25-gauge needles. Arch Dis Child 2014; 99: 203-207.
• 8.
  Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology 1999; 91: 109-118.
• 9.
  Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Kovac A, Kranke P, Meyer TA, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2014; 118: 85e113.
• 10.
  Kampo S. Sub-hypnotic dose of propofol as antiemetic prophylaxis attenuates intrathecal morphine-induced postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pruritus in parturient undergoing cesarean section - a randomized control trial. BMC Anesthesio 2019; 19: 177.
• 11.
  Shaikh SI, Nagarekha D, Hegade G, Marutheesh M. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem. Anesth Essays Res 2016; 10: 388-396.
• 12.
  Lin S, Chen C, Yao CF, Chen YA, Chen YR. Comparison of different hypotensive anaesthesia techniques in orthognathic surgery with regard to intraoperative blood loss, quality of the surgical field, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45: 1526-1530.
• 13.
  Niu K, Liu H, Chen RW, Fang QW, Wen H, Guo SM, et al. Use of propofol for prevention of post-delivery nausea during cesarean section: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. J Anesthesia 2018; 32: 748-755.
• 14.
  Vatankhah M, Sadeghi S, Zarenezhad M, Rasekh Jahromi A, Kalani N, Hatami N, et al. Low doses of propofol and midazolam on maternal hemodynamic symptoms and neonatal Apgar in women undergoing spinal anesthesia in cesarean section: A double-blind randomized clinical trial study. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infer 2021; 24: 41-49. (Persian).
• 15.
  Chen HP, Hsu YH, Hua KC, Lin CC, Lo YF, Yu HP. Comparison of sevoflurane versus propofol under auditory evoked potential monitoring in female patients undergoing breast surgery. Biomed J 2013; 36: 125-131.
• 16.
  Martin DP, Samora WP, Beebe AC, Klamar J, Gill L, Bhalla T, et al. Analgesic effects of methadone and magnesium following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Anesth 2018; 32: 702-708.
• 17.
  Pazouki S, Eskandari M, Memari S, Norouzi A, Zargangfar A. The effectiveness of Metoclopramide, Dexamethasone and Propofol in controlling intraoperative nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for emergency cesarean section. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2006; 9: 9-15. (Persian).
• 18.
  Fujii Y, Itakura M. Low-dose propofol to prevent nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 106: 50-52.
• 19.
  Meek R, Egerton-Warburton D, Mee MJ, Braitberg G. Measurement and monitoring of nausea severity in emergency department patients: a comparison of scales and exploration of treatment efficacy outcome measures. Acad Emerg Med 2015; 22: 685-693.
• 20.
  Foroughian M, Abiri S, Akbari H, Shayesteh Bilandi V, Habibzadeh SR, Alsana F, et al. Effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine versus intravenous morphine in reducing acute extremity trauma-induced pain: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Koomesh 2020; 22: 411-418. (Persian).##https://doi.org/10.29252/koomesh.22.3.411.
• 21.
  Lahoorpour A, Mahdavi Jafari R. Comparative effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecological laparoscopic surgery, Lahoorpour A. J Iran Soc Instit Int Care 2017; 38: 2.
• 22.
  Malekshoar M, Jarineshin H, Kalani N, Vatankhah M. Comparing the effect of metoclopramide and promethazine on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double-blind clinical trial. Koomesh 2021; 23: 203-210. (Persian).##https://doi.org/10.52547/koomesh.23.2.203.
• 23.
  Jamshidi MR, Moghimi MH, Madani S, IZadi S, Falakolaflaki B. A comparison of sub-hypnotic dose of propofol with dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Adv Med Biomed Res 2015; 23: 103-111.