Causes of family refusal for organ donation in brain-dead cases, A Narrative Review

authors:

avatar Keihan Mostafavi , avatar Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfoli , avatar Negin Jarrah , avatar Sadra Montazeri , avatar Seyed Khashayar Mirbahaeddin , avatar Mahdieh Hazrati , avatar Yazdan Abdolmohammadi , avatar Seyyed Javad Najafizadeh , *


how to cite: Mostafavi K, Mokhber Dezfoli M, Jarrah N, Montazeri S, Mirbahaeddin S K, et al. Causes of family refusal for organ donation in brain-dead cases, A Narrative Review. koomesh. 2023;25(1):e152808. 

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most important barriers to organ transplantation and the consequent mortality of people on the waiting list for transplants in most countries is family refusal. As a result, recognizing the effective factors in family consent will provide a bridge to increase the rate of supply of organs needed for transplantation. Due to the various factors affecting organ donation, including cultural, religious, scientific, social, moral, religious, and legal dimensions, there is a need for comprehensive and up-to-date studies in this field. Therefore, in this narrative review article, we gathered and summarized the major and influential causes of family refusal among the next of kin of brain death cases It is suggested that some ceremonies and social activities be considered to familiarize the community with brain death and the process of organ donation. Also, it is necessary to organize meetings with religious authorities to present the humanitarian aspects of organ donation.

References

  • 1.

    Cardoso LM, Moreira LF, Pinto MA, Henriques-Pons A, Alves LA. Domino hepatocyte transplantation: a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of acute liver failure. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018.

  • 2.

    Yaron JR, Kwiecien JM, Zhang L, Ambadapadi S, Wakefield DN, Clapp WL, et al. Modifying the organ matrix pre-engraftment: A new transplant paradigm? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25: 626-639.

  • 3.

    Hashemian SM, Delavarkasmaei H, Najafizadeh K, Mojtabae M, Ardehali SH, Kamranmanesh MR, et al. Role of transcranial doppler sonography in diagnosis of brain death: a single center study. Tanaffos 2016; 15: 213.

  • 4.

    Tollefsen C. Family consent and organ donation. J Med Philos 2019; 44: 588-602.

  • 5.

    Vishteh HR, Ghorbani F, Ghobadi O, Shafaghi S, Barbati ME, Louyeh AR, Najafizadeh K. Causes and follow-up outcomes of brain dead patients in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Pajoohandeh J 2010; 15: 171-178.

  • 6.

    Horvat LD, Cuerden MS, Kim SJ, Koval JJ, Young A, Garg AX. Informing the debate: rates of kidney transplantation in nations with presumed consent. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153: 641-649.

  • 7.

    Shahgheragh SM, Ebrahimian A, Fakhr MA. Death risk classifying in patients with internal medical emergencies in pre-hospital settings. Koomesh 2021; 23: 456-464. (Persian).##https://doi.org/10.52547/koomesh.23.4.456.

  • 8.

    Rosenblum AM, Horvat LD, Siminoff LA, Prakash V, Beitel J, Garg AX. The authority of next-of-kin in explicit and presumed consent systems for deceased organ donation: an analysis of 54 nations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 2533-2546.

  • 9.

    Barber K, Falvey S, Hamilton C, Collett D, Rudge C. Potential for organ donation in the United Kingdom: audit of intensive care records. BMJ 2006; 332: 1124-1127.

  • 10.

    Sheehy E, Conrad SL, Brigham LE, Luskin R, Weber P, Eakin M, et al. Estimating the number of potential organ donors in the United States. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 667-674.

  • 11.

    Mojtabaee M, Ghorbani F, Mohsenzadeh M, Beigee FS. Update on causes of family refusal for organ donation and the related factors: reporting the changes over 6 years. Transplant Proc 2018; 50: 10-13, 2018.

  • 12.

    Lopp L. Regulations regarding living organ donation in Europe. Possibilities Harmon 2013.

  • 13.

    Glazier AK. The principles of gift law and the regulation of organ donation. Transpl Int 2011; 24: 368-372.

  • 14.

    http://www.ehda.ir/Shahryari S./November 2021 29.

  • 15.

    Pelletier M. The organ donor family members' perception of stressful situations during the organ donation experience. J Adv Nurs 1992; 17: 90-97.

  • 16.

    Sque M, Long T, Payne S, Allardyce D. Why relatives do not donate organs for transplants: 'sacrifice' or 'gift of life'? J Adv Nurs 2008; 61: 134-144.

  • 17.

    Martnez JM, Lopez JS, Martn A, Martn MJ, Scandroglio B, Martn JM. Organ donation and family decision-making within the Spanish donation system. Soc Sci Med 2001; 53: 405-421.

  • 18.

    Sque M, Long T, Payne S. Organ donation: key factors influencing families' decision-making. Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 543-546.

  • 19.

    Rodrigue JR, Cornell DL, Howard RJ. The instability of organ donation decisions by next-of-kin and factors that predict it. Am J Transplant 2008; 8: 2661-2667.

  • 20.

    Merchant SJ, Yoshida EM, Lee TK, Richardson P, Karlsbjerg KM, Cheung E. Exploring the psychological effects of deceased organ donation on the families of the organ donors. Clin Transplant 2008; 22: 341-347.

  • 21.

    Siminoff LA, Gordon N, Hewlett J, Arnold RM. Factors influencing families' consent for donation of solid organs for transplantation. JAMA 2001; 286: 71-77.

  • 22.

    Simpkin AL, Robertson LC, Barber VS, Young JD. Modifiable factors influencing relatives' decision to offer organ donation: systematic review. Bmj 2009; 338.

  • 23.

    de Groot J, Vernooij-Dassen M, Hoedemaekers C, Hoitsma A, Smeets W, van Leeuwen E. Decision making by relatives about brain death organ donation: an integrative review. Transplantation 2012; 93: 1196-1211.

  • 24.

    Radecki CM, Jaccard J. Psychological aspects of organ donation: a critical review and synthesis of individual and next-of-kin donation decisions. Heal Psychol 1997; 16: 183-195.

  • 25.

    Long T, Sque M, Addington-Hall J. What does a diagnosis of brain death mean to family members approached about organ donation? A review of the literature. Prog Transplant 2008; 18: 118-125.

  • 26.

    Ghorbani F, Khoddami-Vishteh HR, Ghobadi O, Shafaghi S, Louyeh AR, Najafizadeh K. Causes of family refusal for organ donation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43: 405-406.

  • 27.

    Bahrami A, Khaleghi E, Vakilzadeh AK, Afzalaghaee M. Process and barriers to organ donation and causes of brain death in northeast of Iran. Electron Physician 2017; 9: 3797-3802.

  • 28.

    Pessoa SF, Barroso VS, Duarte AV, Abreu HC, Castro BB, Carminatti M, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Public knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation: a survey from a medium-sized brazilian city. Transplant Proc 2020; 52: 1223-1225.

  • 29.

    Akkas M, Demir MC. Barriers to brain death notifications from emergency departments. Transplant Proc 2019; 51: 2171-2175.

  • 30.

    Martnez JS, Lpez MJ, Scandroglio B, Garca JM. Family perception of the process of organ donation. Qualitative psychosocial analysis of the subjective interpretation of donor and nondonor families. Span J Psychol 2008; 11: 125-136.

  • 31.

    Sotodeh Asl N, Avazabadian M, Ghorbani R, Malek F. Quality of life in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Koomesh 2020; 22: 263-268. (Persian).##https://doi.org/10.29252/koomesh.22.2.263.

  • 32.

    Moraes EL, Massarollo MC. Family refusal to donate organs and tissue for transplantation. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2008;16: 458-464.

  • 33.

    Shih FJ, Lai MK, Lin MH, Lin HY, Tsao CI, Chou LL, Chu SH. Impact of cadaveric organ donation on Taiwanese donor families during the first 6 months after donation. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 69-78.

  • 34.

    Siminoff LA, Lawrence RH, Arnold RM. Comparison of black and white families' experiences and perceptions regarding organ donation requests. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 146-151.

  • 35.

    Dodd-McCue D, Tartaglia A, Cowherd R. The role of women in the donation consent decision: building on previous research. Prog Transplant 2007; 17: 209-214.

  • 36.

    Doering JJ. Families' experiences in consenting to eye donation of a recently deceased relative. Heart Lung 1996; 25: 72-78.

  • 37.

    Tadini-Buoninsegni L, Guetti C, Bonizzoli M. Factors influencing consent to organ donation after brain death certification: a survey of 29 Intensive Care Units. Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 84: 1044-1052.

  • 38.

    Viuela-Prieto JM, Falcn MC, Candel FJ, Rodrguez AM, Gonzlez JI, del Ro Gallegos F. Family refusal to consent donation: retrospective quantitative analysis of its increasing tendency and the associated factors over the last decade at a spanish hospital. Transplant Proc 2021; 53: 2112-2121.

  • 39.

    Lpez JS, Soria-Oliver M, Aramayona B, Garca-Snchez R, Martnez JM, Martn MJ. An integrated psychosocial model of relatives' decision about deceased organ donation (IMROD): joining pieces of the puzzle. Front Psychol 2018; 9: 408.

  • 40.

    Shih FJ, Lai MK, Lin MH, Lin HY, Tsao CI, Duh BR, Chu SH. The dilemma of 'to-be or not-to-be': needs and expectations of the Taiwanese cadaveric organ donor families during the pre-donation transition. Soc Sci Med 2001; 53: 693-706.