Attitudes toward drugs abuse and some related factors among Iranian high school students

authors:

avatar nahid radbakhsh , * , avatar Nahid Radbakhsh , avatar Raheb Ghorbani ORCID

Koomesh: Vol.20, issue 2; 325-335
published online: April 01, 2018
article type: Research Article
received: July 02, 2017
accepted: February 01, 2018

how to cite: radbakhsh N, Radbakhsh N, Ghorbani R. Attitudes toward drugs abuse and some related factors among Iranian high school students. koomesh. 2018;20(2):e152963. 

Abstract

Introduction: Start addiction with positive attitude to drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes towards narcotics and relationship between family components with attitudes towards addiction in high school students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 340 male students of secondary school in Semnan (Iran) were selected by multistage sampling technique from five male schools randomly selected. Then, in each elected school, a class was selected randomly from each grade. The data collection tool was personal and family information related to the subject of research, 20 questions of insecurity questionnaire in the family center with a range of 0 to 20, and 40 questions of drug attitude questionnaire, which included three subscales, with a scoring range of 40 to 200. Results: Mean ± standard deviation of students;#39 age was 16.4 ± 0.8 years. 27.6% had a very negative attitude, 39.7% had a negative attitude, 28.2% had moderate attitude, 3.8% had positive attitude and 0.6% had a very positive attitude toward narcotics. There was a significant positive correlation between the family;#39s emotional atmosphere and the attitude toward drugs (p = 0.006, r = 0.151), effects (r = 0.99, p = 0.029), risks (p = 0.1111), R = 139) and consumption (r = 0.09, p = 0.11), respectively. Also, students with addicted fathers had a more positive attitude toward narcotic drugs (p = 0.004), effects (p = 0.019), risks (p = 0.021), and drug abuse (p = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between attitude toward narcotic effects and household income (p = 0.033, r = -0.117). Students who are prohibited from drugs by parents have a more negative attitude toward narcotics (p

References

  • 1.

    American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

  • 2.

    NazrulIslam SK, Hossain KJ, Ahsan M. Sexual life style, drug habit and socio- demographic status of drug addict in Bangladesh. Public Health 2000; 114: 5-18.

  • 3.

    Delawar A, Rezaei M, Alizadeh E. The relationship between family factors and secondary school students' attitude towards drug abuse in Tehran. Daneshvar 2009; 16: 21-34. (Persian).

  • 4.

    Botvin JG. Preventing drug abuse in schools: social and competence enhancement approaches targeting individual- level etiological factors. Addict Behav 2000; 25: 887-897.

  • 5.

    Mahajerdaraei H. Relationship between attitude toward substance use and its predisposing factors in high school girls in Tehran during the academic year of 2006-2007. Master's thesis of clinical psychology. Univ Welfare Rehabil Sci 2007. (Persian).

  • 6.

    Ashbywill T, Gibbons X, Gerrard M, Murry VMB, Brody GH. Family communication and religiosity related to substance use and sexual behavior in early adolescence: a test for pathways self control and prototype perceptions. Psychol Addict Behav 2003; 10: 4-14.

  • 7.

    Catalno RF, Gainey RR, Fleming CB. An experimental intervention with families of substance abusers: one year follow up. Addiction 1999; 94: 241-254.

  • 8.

    Simcha-fagan O, Gersten J, Langner T. Early precursors and concurrent correlates of illicit drug use in adolescents. J Food Drug Anal 1986; 16: 7-28.

  • 9.

    Jessor R. Adolescent development and behavioral health. In J. D. Matarazzo, S. M., Weiss, J. A., Herd, N. E. MillerS. M. Weiss (Eds). Behavioral health: A handbook of health enhancement and disease prevention. New York: Wiley; 1984.

  • 10.

    Brook JS, Brook DW, Whiteman M, Gordon AS, Cohen p. The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use and abuse. Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr 1990; 116: 111-267.

  • 11.

    Garmezy N. Stressors of childhood. In N. Garmezy & M. Rutter (Eds). Stress, coping and development in children. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 1983.

  • 12.

    Werner EE. High-risk children in young adulthood: A Longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1989; 59: 72-81.

  • 13.

    Raeesi F, Anisei, Yazdi SM, Zamani, Rashidi S. Comparison of mental health and parenting practices among addicted and non addicted people. JBS 2008; 6: 44-33. (Persian).

  • 14.

    Brook JS. Stage of drug use in adolescence: Personality, peer and family correlates. Dev Psychol 2003; 19: 269-277.

  • 15.

    Shedler J, Block J. Adolescent drag use and psychological health. Am Psychologist 1990; 45: 612-630.

  • 16.

    Foroughi M, Sadeghian M. The role of family structure and parenting practices in primary prevention of child abuse among adolescents in Sirjan. Proceedings of the 30th Provincial Congress of the Counter Narcotics Headquarters 2004; 2: 600-596. (Persian).

  • 17.

    Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Mood disorders. In Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J. Comprhensive textbook of psychiatry, From Wiliams & Willkins. Baltimore 2003; 6: 108-118.

  • 18.

    Biederman J, Hirshfeld H, Becker DR, Rosen Baum JF. Lack of association between parental alcohol or drug addiction and behavioral inhibition in children. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:1731-1733.

  • 19.

    Lapham SC, Smith EC, DeBaca J, Chang I. Pervalence of psychiatric among persons convicted of during while impaired. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 943-949.

  • 20.

    Miller TR, Lesting DC, Smith GS. Injury risk among medically identified alcohol and drug abuser. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25: 54-59.

  • 21.

    Saied M. The effect of socioeconomic factors on addiction addiction in Kerman rehabilitation center. Master's thesis of Shiraz University; 1996. (Persian).

  • 22.

    Saiedmohamadi Y. In translat Educational psychology theory and practice, Slavin R. 2006, Tehran: Roshd; 2006.

  • 23.

    Zare H. The role of addiction in shaping the culture of poverty. Addiction Res 2003; 55-67. (Persian).

  • 24.

    Sotoudeh HA. Social pathology. Tehran: Publishing the Avaie Noor; 2011. (Persian).

  • 25.

    Barnes GM. Adolescent alcohol abuse and other problem behaviors: Their relationships and common parents influences. J Youth Adolesc 1984; 13: 329-348.

  • 26.

    Kandel, DB. Drug and drinking behavior among youth. Ann Rev of Sociol 1980; 6: 235-285.

  • 27.

    Matthews G, Amanda K, Emo, GF. Reviewing theories of adolescent substance use: Organizing piece in the puzzle. Psycho Bulletin 2006; 117: 67-86.

  • 28.

    Nejatzadegan H. The image of Khorasan in drug offensive. Thesis of MA in Law and Political Science. Tehran: Tehran Univ 1994. (Persian).

  • 29.

    Tavassoli GA, Ahmadi G, Khazaei K, Mortazavi SJ. Sociological analysis of the impact of family and social institutions on the tendency towards adolescent and youth addiction. Quarterly J Soc Youth Studies 2009; 1: 47-71. (Persian).##.