Is poor glycemic control associated with free testosterone level in Iranian diabetic men?

authors:

avatar Soraya Doustmohamadian , * , avatar Saeedeh Soghandi , avatar Raheb Ghorbani ORCID

Koomesh: Vol.21, issue 2; 225-230
published online: March 02, 2019
article type: Research Article
received: September 07, 2018
accepted: January 02, 2019

how to cite: Doustmohamadian S, Soghandi S, Ghorbani R. Is poor glycemic control associated with free testosterone level in Iranian diabetic men?. koomesh. 2019;21(2):e153061. 

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease. Its association with testosterone has already been shown in many studies. Considering the role of testosterone hormone in impotency, fatigue, osteoporosis and fracture this study aimed to investigate the free testosterone in type 2 diabetes and its association with glycemic control index. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 male diabetic patients over 20 years based base on inclusion criteria registered. Malignancy, history of head trauma, surgery or radiation, dysfunction of kidney, thyroid or pituitary and any previous chronic disease and drugs that may interfere with testosterone levels, excluded for all subjects, blood samples were taken to measure serum free testosterone levels, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1C. Demographic information was also completed by the patient Results: The mean ± standard deviation of patients;#39 age was 57.5 ± 10.6 years. 22% of patients had BMI> 30 kg/m² and 54% had abdominal obesity. Only 14% of patients had good glycemic control index (HBA1c< 7%) There was not a significant correlation between free testosterone level with BMI (P=0.963, r=0.007), waist circumference (P=0.152 and r=0.206), and HbA1c levels (P=0.223 and r=0.172). Conclusion: In general, although the results of this study showed that free testosterone level was not statistically significant correlation with glycemic index in type2 diabetic patients, but, more studies are recommended considering the wider statistical sample size for better conclusions.

References

  • 1.

    Charles Wiener M, Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Stephen L, Hauser M, Longo DL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine self-assessment and board review. 2012.

  • 2.

    Sprauten M, Brydy M, Haugnes HS, Cvancarova M, Bjro T, Bjerner J, et al. Longitudinal serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in a population-based sample of long-term testicular cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32: 571-578.

  • 3.

    Cheung KK, Luk AO, So WY, Ma RC, Kong AP, Chow FC, et al. Testosterone level in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic effects: a review of current evidence. J Diabet Invest 2015; 6: 112-123.

  • 4.

    Kim JS, Kim BS, Jeon JY, Choi YJ, Chung YS. Testosterone deficiency associated with poor glycemic control in Korean male diabetics. Endoc Metab 2014; 29: 300-306.

  • 5.

    Sabet Z, Amouzegar A, Hedayati M, Azizi F. Predicting the metabolic syndrome according to serum total testosterone, free testosterone index and SHBG in males aged over 20 years: Tehran lipid and glucose (TLGS). Iran J Endoc Metab 2009; 11: 393-403.

  • 6.

    Hackett G. The clinical importance of testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes. Trends Urol Men Health 2010; 1.

  • 7.

    Dhindsa S, Miller MG, McWhirter CL, Mager DE, Ghanim H, Chaudhuri A, et al. Testosterone concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic obese men. Diabetes Care 2010.

  • 8.

    Grossmann M, Gianatti EJ, Zajac JD. Testosterone and type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17: 247-256.

  • 9.

    Tomar R, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A, Mohanty P, Garg R, Dandona P. Contrasting testosterone concentrations in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1120-1122.

  • 10.

    Beatrice AM, Dutta D, Kumar M, Siddegowda SK, Sinha A, Ray S, et al. Testosterone levels and type 2 diabetes in men: current knowledge and clinical implications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7: 481-486.

  • 11.

    Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Khalili D, Esteghamati A, Hosseinpanah F, Delavari A, et al. Appropriate definition of metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults: report of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity. Arch Iran Med 2010; 13: 426.

  • 12.

    Edward M, Lichten M. Testosterone's overlooked role in the treatment of diabetes in men. LifeExtension (Accessed in July 21, 2012, at http://www lef org/magazine/mag2007/jul2007_report_diabetes_01 htm.

  • 13.

    Bergamini E. Different mechanisms in testosterone action on glycogen metabolism in rat perineal and skeletal muscles. Endocrinology 1975; 96: 77-84.

  • 14.

    Morimoto S, Mendoza-Rodriguez C, Hiriart M, Larrieta M, Vital P, Cerbon M. Protective effect of testosterone on early apoptotic damage induced by streptozotocin in rat pancreas. J Endocrinol 2005; 187: 217-224.

  • 15.

    RamkishanJat, Mandaviagarwal, Navnitagarwal, Nutanagarwal, Kuldeepchandel, siddiqui1. Z. Comparison of Serum Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone Levels in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics Men A Case Control Study. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2014; 13(2): 65-71.

  • 16.

    Doustmohammadian S, Samedanifard SH, Doustmohammadian A, Doustmohammadian N, Abdi H. Iranian type 2 diabetics may not have serum testosterone level lower than healthy subjects; A case-control study. J Paramed Sci 2013; 4: 11-16. (Persian).

  • 17.

    Pham NH, Bena J, Bhatt DL, Kennedy L, Schauer PR, Kashyap SR. Increased free testosterone levels in men with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes five years after randomization to bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2018; 28: 277-280.

  • 18.

    Haider A, Saad F, Doros G, Gooren L. Hypogonadal obese men with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 lose weight and show improvement in cardiovascular risk factors when treated with testosterone: an observational study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8: 339-349.

  • 19.

    Holt SK, Lopushnyan N, Hotaling J, Sarma AV, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, et al. Prevalence of low testosterone and predisposing risk factors in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus: findings from the DCCT/EDIC. J Clin Endoc Metab 2014; 99: 1655-1660##.