A perceived duality of relatives’ presence in emergency departments: A focused ethnographic study

1Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Research Center for Evidence -Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2Dept. of Nursing, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran

3– Dept. of Nursing, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran

4Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

5Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Koomesh:Vol. 22, issue 4; e154037

Published online:Dec 24, 2020

Article type:Research Article

How to Cite:Hadi HassankhanAmin SoheiliGolshan MoghbeliAbbas DadashzadehTaneal WisemanA perceived duality of relatives’ presence in emergency departments: A focused ethnographic study.koomesh.22(4):e154037.

Abstract

Introduction: In the Iranian Healthcare System, emergency departments (EDs) face many challenges such as limitations of the physical environment and overcrowding, meanwhile, unnecessary presence of relatives at their patients׳ bedside goes beyond EDs challenges and has made the situation worse. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore, gain an understanding of, and describe the cultural beliefs and behaviors in an Iranian ED. Materials and Methods: A focused ethnographic approach based on Spradley’s (1980) developmental research sequence was conducted at the ED of Imam Reza University Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. Purposive sampling was used to identify eligible participants from patients, their relatives, and the healthcare professionals of this ED. Participant observation, ethnographic interviews, and examination of related documents and artifacts were used for data collection and continued until data saturation achieved. Results: The overarching cultural pattern of “perceived constructive/destructive duality of relatives׳ presence” emerged within which there were two main themes as follows: constructive presence (includes two sub-themes of compensation and support) and destructive presence (includes two sub-themes of dissuasion and workplace violence). Conclusion: Our ﬁndings provide valuable insight into the perceived duality of relatives׳ presence which strenuously aﬀect not only the patients and their relatives but also the healthcare professionals, healthcare system, and healthcare quality. Conspicuously, most of the time, the relatives played the role of “12th man” in our healthcare system. However, their violent and aggressive behaviors against healthcare professionals were the most destructive aspect of their presence.

Keywords

Patients

Family

Relatives

Hospital Emergency Service

Cultural Anthropology

Culture

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