Anesthesia Issues and Challenges: An African Perspective

authors:

avatar Faisal Muhammad ORCID 1 , 2 , *

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Social Work, School of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Annals: Vol.11, issue 2; e104730
published online: June 15, 2020
article type: Letter
received: May 9, 2020
revised: May 18, 2020
accepted: May 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/mca.104730

how to cite: Muhammad F. Anesthesia Issues and Challenges: An African Perspective. Multidiscip Cardio Annal. 2020;11(2):e104730. https://doi.org/10.5812/mca.104730.

Dear Editor,

There is an international standard for safe practice of anesthesia for the professional anesthesiologist which has been recommended by the society of anesthesiologists; with the aim of providing guidance and assistance to anesthesia professionals, in order to maintain the quality and safety of anesthesia care across the globe (1). Anesthesia complications were identified as a significant risk factors of a maternal mortality (543 per 100,000) after caesarean delivery among 22 African countries (2). Another study from Nigeria reported that anesthetics complications contributed to the morality of patients (3). However there’s no clear evidence that says the level of anesthesia provider has contributed directly to the maternal mortality. Some anesthesia complications are expected to be as a result of inadequate training and skills. A reasonably good outcome was reported among neonates’ patients (136 neonates were discharged out of 190); and it was found that the outcome was due to involvement of senior residents in anesthesia. In Africa most of young medical graduates found anesthesia specialty unattractive. A study among 105 graduating medical students was conducted in Nigeria and only 3% of them were interested in anaesthesia specialization. A survey conducted in Uganda reported that only little above one-tenths of anaesthesia providers could provide safe anesthesia for children (4, 5).

In Africa cardiac surgery is not widely available and even where is available the surgery is performed in small numbers as a result of financial constraints and shortage of human resources. As of 2017 the ratio of cardiac centers in Africa is 1 per 33 million (6). To the best of my knowledge, the information (number or ratio) regarding cardiac anesthesia/anesthesiologist in Africa is limited or not known. In Africa most of anesthetics are provided by non-physicians (UNICEF in 2012 reported 93% in Uganda, 83% in Kenya, 95% in Tanzania, and 96% in Rwanda). Generally African countries lack institutions for training of physician anesthetists; for example Ghana has only one training institution for physician anesthetists (7). Some African countries have only two or three physician anesthetists for populations of more than 5 million. In Africa there’s scarcity of both the personnel and equipment needed to provide safe and quality anesthetic care. There is a need to increase the number of physician anesthetists and improve the training of non-physician anesthesia providers.

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