Evaluation of Negative Malaria Giemsa-Stained Smears Referred from Malaria Centers in Sistan and Balouchestan Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

authors:

avatar Adel Ebrahimzadeh 1 , * , avatar Saeed Mohammadi 2 , avatar Mirali Polshekan 3 , avatar Ali Jamshidi 4 , avatar Ahmad Mehravaran 4

Department of Mycology and Parasitology, Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran
Department of Mycology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran
Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
Department of Mycology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: Vol.16, issue 4; 15-18
published online: February 26, 2013
article type: Research Article
received: December 17, 2012
accepted: December 26, 2012

how to cite: Ebrahimzadeh A , Mohammadi S , Polshekan M, Jamshidi A, Mehravaran A. Evaluation of Negative Malaria Giemsa-Stained Smears Referred from Malaria Centers in Sistan and Balouchestan Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2014;16(4): 15-18. 

Abstract

Background: Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases worldwide and also in Iran. Reports announced by Controlling Diseases Center (CDC) prove the presence of two species including Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in this province. P. falciparum cases diagnosis in purpose of true treatment and following up patients is necessary. This study is intending to extract DNA from negative microscopic smears using the newly invented method by research group and afterwards to evaluate negative malaria Giemsa-stained smears using nested polymerase chain reaction.
Materials and Methods: Aiming to diagnose malaria, nested PCR amplification was accomplished using DNA extracted from fixed negatively diagnosed microscopic smears and Giemsa-stained. The extracted DNA was used as a pattern to amplify the specific sequence of P. falciparum and P. vivax using the small subunit of ribosomal RNA [18ssrRNA]. This retrospective study was implemented on 500 malaria negative microscopic smears storing from 6 months to 1 year.
Results: By accomplishing PCR amplification on 500 microscopic smears, 54 (10.8%) malaria positive samples were diagnosed which were incorrectly diagnosed to be negative previously. Of all specimens revealed to be positive, 34 (6.8%) cases were P. vivax while 20 (4%) cases were P. falciparum.
Conclusion: This study reveals the priority of nested-PCR method to microscopic examination method and the possibility of using old microscopic smears in epidemiologic and retrospective studies clearly.

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