Association of DD Genotype of Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephropathy

authors:

avatar Saeedeh Salimi 1 , avatar Anoosh Naghavi 1 , avatar Zahra Zakeri 2 , avatar Sima Nabizadeh 3 , avatar Farzaneh Farajian-mashhadi 4 , avatar Mahnaz Sandoughi 2 , *

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Department of English, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: Vol.15, issue 10; e92822
published online: March 12, 2013
article type: Research Article
received: October 28, 2012
revised: December 12, 2012
accepted: January 15, 2013

how to cite: Salimi S , Naghavi A, Zakeri Z, Nabizadeh S , Farajian-mashhadi F, et al. Association of DD Genotype of Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephropathy. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2013;15(10):e92822. 

Abstract

background : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease with unknown etiology. We hypothesized that insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may influence the development and/or progression of SLE and lupus nephritis.
Materials and Methods : In a crass sectional case-control study, genomic DNA from 106 SLE patients and 103 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and ethnicity, were genotyped for the (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparison of quantitative variants between two groups was assessed by student t-test and association between qualitative variables was analyzed by the chi-square or Fisher exact tests. 
Results : The frequency of DD genotype in SLE patients was significantly higher than control group (25.5 % vs. 14 %), and the risk of SLE was 2.2 times greater in subjects with DD genotype than the individual by DI and II genotypes (OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1 to 4.4] p=0.023). The distribution of D allele in SLE patients was significantly higher (p=0.021) compare to controls (47 and 36.4, respectively). The Risk of nephropathy in SLE patients with DD genotype was three times more than other genotypes (OR), 3 [95% CI, 1.1 to 8] p=0.027].
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ACE DD genotype acts as a risk factor on SLE and Lupus nephropathy in an Iranian population. 

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