Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and Sonchus arvensis L. Inhibit Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity: The Role of Urinary N-acetyl Beta-D- glucosaminidase

Introduction: Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) v Steenis and Sonchus arvensis L. have been used traditionally to treat many diseases such as inflammation, hypercholesterolemia, and kidney stones. This study investigated the renoprotective effect of the best combination of A. cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis and S. arvensis L. against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats reduced the urinary N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) specific marker. 
Materials and Methods: This study used male Wistar rats, weighing 200–300 g. The experiment consisted of a negative control group, a positive control group, A. cordifolia 100 mg/kg (body weight) b.w. group (AE), S. arvensis 100 mg/kg b.w. group (SE), A. cordifolia 50 mg/kg b.w. + S. arvensis 50 mg/kg b.w. (AE50 + SE50), A. cordifolia 100 mg/kg b.w. + S. arvensis 100 mg/kg b.w. (AE100 + SE100), A. cordifolia 75 mg/kg b.w. + S. arvensis 25 mg/kg b.w. (AE75 + SE25), and A. cordifolia 25 mg/kg b.w. + S. arvensis 75 mg/kg b.w. (AE25 + SE75). All groups were given the extract according to the group for 14 days orally. On day 15, all groups except the negative control group induced renal failure by administering gentamicin 100 mg/kg b.w. for 8 days along with the extract. On day 22, the evaluation was carried out by measuring urea, creatinine, and NAGase. 
Results: All treatment groups showed significantly decreased levels of creatinine and urea in serum and urinary NAGase when compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05). The AE75 + SE25 group showed the smallest elevated levels of creatinine (14, 36%) and urea (17.4%) in serum and urinary NAGase (29.4%) when compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05). 
Conclusion: The combination of A. cordifolia 75 mg/kg b.w. and S. arvensis 25 mg/kg b.w. extract showed a better nephroprotective effect in decreasing the NAGase as the early biomarker in kidney failure.