Silibinin Effects on Cognitive Enhancement and Neurotrophic Factor Modulation in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model Induced by Amyloid Beta in Rats

References

• 1.
  Mansergh FC, Wride MA, Rancourt DE. Neurons from stem cells: implications for understanding nervous system development and repair. Biochem Cell Biol. 2000;78(5):613-28. [PubMed ID:11103952].
• 2.
  Stix G. Alzheimer's: forestalling the darkness. Sci Am. 2010;302(6):50-7. [PubMed ID:20521480]. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0610-50.
• 3.
  Giuffrida ML, Copani A, Rizzarelli E. A promising connection between BDNF and Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10(8):1791-2. [PubMed ID:30082505]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC6128436]. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101518.
• 4.
  Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener. 2022;11(1):4. [PubMed ID:35090576]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC8796548]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0.
• 5.
  Xue B, Waseem SMA, Zhu Z, Alshahrani MA, Nazam N, Anjum F, et al. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Connecting Link Between Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:925991. [PubMed ID:35692417]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC9177140]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.925991.
• 6.
  Ng TKS, Ho CSH, Tam WWS, Kua EH, Ho RC. Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(2). [PubMed ID:30634650]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC6358753]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020257.
• 7.
  Schulz V, Hänsel R, Tyler VE. Rational phytotherapy: a physician's guide to herbal medicine. East Sussex, England: Psychology Press; 2001.
• 8.
  Mateen S, Tyagi A, Agarwal C, Singh RP, Agarwal R. Silibinin inhibits human nonsmall cell lung cancer cell growth through cell-cycle arrest by modulating expression and function of key cell-cycle regulators. Mol Carcinog. 2010;49(3):247-58. [PubMed ID:19908243]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC3049548]. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20595.
• 9.
  Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, HomayonFar H, KhastKhodaei Z. [Protective effects of chronic administration of silymarin on blood glucose and lipids and oxidative stress in diabetic rats]. koomesh. 2009;10(2):e152232. Persian.
• 10.
  Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Mafakheri M. Neuroprotective effect of silymarin in 6-hydroxydopamine hemi-parkinsonian rat: involvement of estrogen receptors and oxidative stress. Neurosci Lett. 2010;480(3):206-10. [PubMed ID:20600617]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.038.
• 11.
  Geed M, Garabadu D, Ahmad A, Krishnamurthy S. Silibinin pretreatment attenuates biochemical and behavioral changes induced by intrastriatal MPP+ injection in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2014;117:92-103. [PubMed ID:24345573]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.008.
• 12.
  Hou YC, Liou KT, Chern CM, Wang YH, Liao JF, Chang S, et al. Preventive effect of silymarin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats possibly through impairing NF-kappaB and STAT-1 activation. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(12):963-73. [PubMed ID:20833521]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.012.
• 13.
  Jangra A, Kasbe P, Pandey SN, Dwivedi S, Gurjar SS, Kwatra M, et al. Hesperidin and Silibinin Ameliorate Aluminum-Induced Neurotoxicity: Modulation of Antioxidants and Inflammatory Cytokines Level in Mice Hippocampus. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015;168(2):462-71. [PubMed ID:26018497]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0375-7.
• 14.
  Song X, Zhou B, Cui L, Lei D, Zhang P, Yao G, et al. Silibinin ameliorates Abeta(25-35)-induced memory deficits in rats by modulating autophagy and attenuating neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress. Neurochem Res. 2017;42(4):1073-83. [PubMed ID:28004303]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-2141-4.
• 15.
  Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press; 1998.
• 16.
  Bagheri M, Roghani M, Joghataei MT, Mohseni S. Genistein inhibits aggregation of exogenous amyloid-beta(1)(-)(4)(0) and alleviates astrogliosis in the hippocampus of rats. Brain Res. 2012;1429:145-54. [PubMed ID:22079317]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.020.
• 17.
  Torres-Rodriguez A, Darvishzadeh R, Skidmore AK, Franzel-Luiten E, Knaken B, Schuur B. High-throughput Soxhlet extraction method applied for analysis of leaf lignocellulose and non-structural substances. MethodsX. 2024;12:102644. [PubMed ID:38660031]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC11041828]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102644.
• 18.
  Bagheri M, Rezakhani A, Nystrom S, Turkina MV, Roghani M, Hammarstrom P, et al. Amyloid beta(1-40)-induced astrogliosis and the effect of genistein treatment in rat: a three-dimensional confocal morphometric and proteomic study. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76526. [PubMed ID:24130779]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC3793933]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076526.
• 19.
  Bagheri M, Rezakhani A, Roghani M, Joghataei MT, Mohseni S. Protocol for Three-dimensional Confocal Morphometric Analysis of Astrocytes. J Vis Exp. 2015(106):e53113. [PubMed ID:26709729]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC4692798]. https://doi.org/10.3791/53113.
• 20.
  Shankar GM, Walsh DM. Alzheimer's disease: synaptic dysfunction and Abeta. Mol Neurodegener. 2009;4:48. [PubMed ID:19930651]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC2788538]. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1326-4-48.
• 21.
  Carrillo-Mora P, Luna R, Colin-Barenque L. Amyloid beta: multiple mechanisms of toxicity and only some protective effects? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:795375. [PubMed ID:24683437]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC3941171]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/795375.
• 22.
  Guo H, Cao H, Cui X, Zheng W, Wang S, Yu J, et al. Silymarin's Inhibition and Treatment Effects for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules. 2019;24(9). [PubMed ID:31064071]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC6539875]. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091748.
• 23.
  Lima Giacobbo B, Doorduin J, Klein HC, Dierckx R, Bromberg E, de Vries EFJ. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol. 2019;56(5):3295-312. [PubMed ID:30117106]. [PubMed Central ID:PMC6476855]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1283-6.
• 24.
  Nowacka M, Obuchowicz E. BDNF and VEGF in the pathogenesis of stress-induced affective diseases: an insight from experimental studies. Pharmacol Rep. 2013;65(3):535-46. [PubMed ID:23950576]. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71031-4.
• 25.
  Song X, Liu B, Cui L, Zhou B, Liu W, Xu F, et al. Silibinin ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors in amyloid beta-treated rats by upregulating BDNF/TrkB pathway and attenuating autophagy in hippocampus. Physiol Behav. 2017;179:487-93. [PubMed ID:28735062]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.023.
• 26.
  Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, Mafakheri M. [Protective effects of aqueous extract of silybum marianum in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of parkinsonism in male rat: a behavioral, biochemical and histological study]. koomesh. 2011;12(4):e152481. Persian.
• 27.
  Yon B, Belviranli M, Okudan N. The effect of silymarin supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30(4). [PubMed ID:31017870]. https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0109.
• 28.
  Liu P, Wang C, Chen W, Kang Y, Liu W, Qiu Z, et al. Inhibition of GluN2B pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of silibinin on streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease models. Phytomedicine. 2023;109:154594. [PubMed ID:36610115]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154594.
• 29.
  Duan S, Guan X, Lin R, Liu X, Yan Y, Lin R, et al. Silibinin inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and amyloid beta peptide aggregation: a dual-target drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36(5):1792-807. [PubMed ID:25771396]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.002.