Dear Editor,
We have witnessed some efforts to understand how premarital sexual relationship can affect marriage. It could be more problematic when we find that sexual activity is related to marriage (1, 2). It is true that Iranian society and the sexual life of people reflect the transformation of the norms and values of the Iranian families. Sexual life in Iranian society has changed due to social and cultural changes.
In this regard, recent studies showed that social system has shown different reactions to this change (3, 4). The decrease in the adolescence age, increasing impact of cyberspace, the spread of illegitimate children, and less monitoring and controlling of the families are among the challenges facing Iranian youth. A study illustrated that men want to have sex more than women (5). Finer (2007), in a study conducted in the US, found that not only premarital sex is typical all around the world by the age of 30, but also it is typical at younger ages. The existing literature in the past 50 years shows that young people prefer to experience sex before getting married, and they try to improve their abilities and knowledge to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases once they become sexually active (6).
Relationship with the opposite sex is a type of interpersonal communication, the components of which are as follows: 1) gender differences in the parties of a relationship; therefore, this is not a one-sided relationship and both sides have an active role in this relationship. Thus, in a relationship at least there are two sides; one boy and one girl, enjoying functions based on gender and sexual potency (7); 2) apart from the cultural purposes, the purpose of this relationship is educational, economic, friendship, love, intimacy, and empathy Relationship with the opposite sex can be defined in terms of at least three components and distinguished from the other forms of human communications. The thing which separates one relationship from another is the nature and components of that relationship (8).
The main purpose of the current study was to estimate the trends of premarital sex among university students of Iran during 1999 - 2017. The method of this study was secondary analysis. Data collection tool was a questionnaire; the researchers asked some questions about the experiences of premarital sexual relationships and respondents’ attitudes of sexual relations out of marriage.
This study included single male and female students (age range: 18 - 35 years) studying at public universities in Iran. More than 71% of Iranian students study in metropolitan cities, including Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Ahvaz, Tabriz, Mashhad, and Qom. To achieve this aim, the existing evidence in this field was used. In all the surveys, the statistical population included only single students. The total sample of this research was 6,300 students at state universities in metropolitan areas. All academic disciplines were included in the sample: (1) Javadi-Yeganeh (9); (2) Hashemi and Ghanbaribarzian (4); (3) Ghanbaribarzian (3); (4) Barghamdi and Mirzaei (10); (5) Ghanbaribarzian (11); (6) Ahmadabadi et al. (12), (7) Khalajabadi Farahani et al. (13, 14); (8) Hedayati-Moghaddam et al. (15). The attitudes of males and females towards the issue of sexual relationship is not the same. However, this is a continuous phenomenon which will make them involved during their lifetime. The results showed that while 30.3% of samples had friendly relationships with the opposite sex, 69.7% did not have relationship with their opposite sex (Figures 1 and 2).
The relative frequency (%) about having sexual experience, legitimate sex experience and pessimism to whom had sex experience before marriage in students
The relative frequency (%) about not to marry with someone who has sex experience before marriage, Regarding a friendship with the opposite sex is normal and general inclination to sex experience before marriage in students
The results of our study showed that the level of adherence of young people in Iran to the communication norms with the opposite sex is decreasing, and the level of communication with the opposite sex before marriage is increasing.
According to the figures, the sexual intercourse behavior has changed among Iranian students. The affection and reproduction as important functions of sexual affairs in Iranian society have decreased. Due to the conservative cultural context of Iran, conducting research on this field is potentially difficult, and finding the way of facing with such information has some noticeable limitations. So, getting access to the real data by deep interview and qualitative methodological techniques could be more reliable. In addition, cultural differences should be considered and distinguished.
References
-
1.
Call V, Sprecher S, Schwartz P. The incidence and frequency of marital sex in a national sample. J Marriage Fam. 1995;57(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/353919.
-
2.
Yabiku ST, Gager CT. Sexual frequency and the stability of marital and cohabiting unions. J Marriage Fam. 2009;71(4):983-1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00648.x.
-
3.
Ghanbari A. [A survey of conditions of sexual relationship with the -opposite sex in universities]. Tehran, Iran: Cultural Deputy of the Ministry of Science Research and Technology; 2009. Persian. Available from: https://www.msrt.ir/en.
-
4.
Hashemi ZS, Ghanbari BA. [Survey of conditions of sexual relationship with the -opposite sex in universities]. Tehran, Iran: Cultural Deputy of the Ministry of Science Research and Technology; 2004. Persian. Available from: http://www.nahad.ir/.
-
5.
Baumeister RF, Catanese KR, Vohs KD. Is there a gender difference in strength of sex drive? Theoretical views, conceptual distinctions, and a review of relevant evidence. Pers Soc Psy Rew. 2016;5(3):242-73. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0503_5.
-
6.
Finer LB. Trends in premarital sex in the United States, 1954-2003. Public Health Rep. 2007;122(1):73-8. [PubMed ID: 17236611]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC1802108]. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490712200110.
-
7.
Lingford-Hughes A, Clementi N. Addiction and substance misuse. Medicine. 2008;36(8):422-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2008.05.004.
-
8.
Wenzel V, Weichold K, Silbereisen RK. The life skills program IPSY: Positive influences on school bonding and prevention of substance misuse. J Adolesc. 2009;32(6):1391-401. [PubMed ID: 19596147]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.008.
-
9.
Javadi-Yeganeh MR. [Interviewing the youth of Tehran on the sexual relationships with the opposite sex]. Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization; 1999. Persian. Available from: http://ido.ir/.
-
10.
Barghamadi H, Mirzaie K. Relationships with opposite sex and the factors effecting on these relations. Soc Welf Qtly. 2009;9(34):131-58.
-
11.
Ghanbari BA. The study of sociological changes of relationship with the opposite sex among Iranian youth. J Humanit Soc Sci. 2017;22(5):74-9. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2205017479.
-
12.
Ahmadabadi Z, Panaghi L, Madanipour A, Sedaghat A, Tira M, Kamrava S, et al. Cultural scripts, reasons for having sex, and regret: A study of Iranian male and female university students. Sex Cult. 2015;19(3):561-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9277-2.
-
13.
Khalajabadi-Farahani F. [Norms, attitude and sexual practice of female college students in Tehran [dissertation]]. London, UK: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 2008. Persian.
-
14.
Khalajabadi Farahani F, Kazemipour S, Rahimi A. [The influence on premarital heterosexual relationships on marital timing and marital desire among college students in Tehran]. J Fam Res. 2013;9(1):7-28. Persian.
-
15.
Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Eftekharzadeh-Mashhadi I, Fathi-Moghadam F, Pourafzali SJ. Sexual and reproductive behaviors among undergraduate university students in Mashhad, a city in Northeast of Iran. J Reprod Infertil. 2015;16(1):43.