Histopathological comparison of the effects of Ceylon cinnamon, Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum on experimental cutaneous wound healing process in rats

authors:

avatar Saeed Hesaraki , avatar Behrooz Yahyaei , *


how to cite: Hesaraki S, Yahyaei B. Histopathological comparison of the effects of Ceylon cinnamon, Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum on experimental cutaneous wound healing process in rats. koomesh. 2016;17(3):e151226. 

Abstract

Introduction: Wound healing is an important process that requires specific factors and conditions. Various medications have been developed to accelerate wound healing, among them herbal medicines are the safest and more effective of them. The present study was performed to verify the effects of Ceylon cinnamon, Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum on cutaneous wound healing in rats. Materials and Methods: Ninety-Six rats were divided into twelve groups of eight. Wounds were induced on the skin area around the vertebral column. Herbal pre-prepared ointments with different concentrations were administered on the wound area. Results: The results showed that cinnamon extract accelerated the wound healing process and specifically increased epithelialization. The later effect was more effective than that of Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum. Also the Plantagolanceolata wound closure effect was significantly faster than the Flaxseed linum. Histopathological evaluation of the wound healing in the day fourteenth after the treatment showed that the highest rate of wound healing was observed with Ceylon cinnamon and that Plantagolanceolata and Flaxseed linum were the next in rank. Conclusion: Generally, comparative evaluation of these therapeutic plants suggests that Plantagolanceolata extract produce the best healing effect on cutaneous wound healing process than the other comparable medicinal plants.

References

  • 1.

    Souba WW, Wilmore D. Diet and nutrition in case of the patient with surgery, Trauma and sepsis. In: Shils M, Olson J, Shike M, Ross AC, editor. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins 1999; pp: 1589-1618.

  • 2.

    Nayak SB, Sandiford S, Maxwell A. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009; 6: 351-356.

  • 3.

    Shivananda N, Poorna N, Steve S, Vidyasagar B, Andrew A. Evaluation of wound healing activity of Allamanda cathartica. L. and Laurus nobilis. L. extracts on rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006; 6: 12.

  • 4.

    Ranjzad M. Evaluation of flaxseed yield and yield components and oil characteristics of oil seed Family cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.). Iranian J Med Aromatic Plants 2008; 24: 253-262.

  • 5.

    Popa VM, Gruia A, Raba DN, Dumbrava D, Moldovan C, Bordean D, Mateescu C. Fatty acids composition and oil characteristics of linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) from Romania. JAPT 2012; 18: 136-140.

  • 6.

    Oomah BD, Mazza G. Flaxseed products for disease prevention. In: Mazza G. Functional Foods: Biochemical & Processing Aspects. Lancaster, PA: Technomic Publishing 1998; pp: 91-138.

  • 7.

    Singh S, Nair V, Jain S, Gupta YK. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of plant lipids containing linolenic acid. Indian J Exp Biol 2008; 46: 453-456.

  • 8.

    Daz Lanza AM1, Abad Martnez MJ, Fernndez Matellano L, Recuero Carretero C, Villaescusa Castillo L, Silvn Sen AM, Bermejo Benito P. Lignan and phenylpropanoid glycosides from Phillyrea latifolia and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Planta Med 2001; 67: 219-223.

  • 9.

    Rathee P, Chaudhary H, Rathee S, Rathee D, Kumar V, Kohli K. Mechanism of action of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: a review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2009; 8: 229-235.

  • 10.

    Kaithwas G, Mukherjee A, Chaurasia AK, Majumdar D. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of L. usitatissimum (flaxseed/linseed) fixed oil. Indian J Exp Biol 2011; 49: 932-938.

  • 11.

    Kaithwas G, Majumdar DK. Effect of L. usitatissimum (Flaxseed/Linseed) fixed oil against distinct phases of inflammation. ISRN Inflamm 2013; 1-4.

  • 12.

    Mehrabiyan S, Majd A, Dana R. Comparison the anticarcinogenic and antimoutagenic effect of the metanolic extract of vegetative (leaves, roots) and generative (inflorescences) parts of the plant in two different regions: Hesarak and Langerood. J Biol Sci 2009; 1: 23-32.

  • 13.

    Samuelsen AB. The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71: 1-21.

  • 14.

    Galvez M, Cordero M C, Cortes F, Ayus MY. Cytotixic effect of Plantago spp. on cancer cell lines. J Ethopharmacol 2003; 88: 125-130.

  • 15.

    Mylene T, Stephane C, Selim K, Monique L. Antioxidant, antiradical and antimutagenic activities of phenolic compounds present in maple products. Food Chemist 2006; 98: 490-501.

  • 16.

    Hili P, Evans CS, Neness RG. Antimicrobial action of essential oils: the effect of Dimethyl sulphoxide on the activity of cinnamon oil. Lett Appl Microbiol 1997; 29: 265-275.

  • 17.

    Orihara Y, Hamamoto H, Kasuga H, Shimada T, Kawaguchi Y, Sekimizu K. A silk worm baculovirus model for assessing the theraputic effect of antiviral compounda: Characterization and application to the isolation of antiviral from traditional medicin. J Gen Virol 2008; 89: 188-194.

  • 18.

    Fang SH, Rao YK, Tzeng YM. Cytotoxic effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde from cinnamomum osmophloeum leaves on Human cancer cell lines. Int J Appl Sci Eng 2004; 2: 136-147.

  • 19.

    Amara AA, El-Masry MH, Bogdady HH. Plant crude extracts could be the solution: Extracts showing in vivo antitumorigenic activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2008; 21: 159-171.

  • 20.

    Khan A, Safdar M, Khan MMA, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3215-3218.

  • 21.

    Lee JS, Jeon SM, Park EM, Huh TL, Kwon OS, Lee MK, Choi MS. Cinnamate supplementation enhances hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems in high cholesterol-fed rats. J Med Food 2003; 6: 183-191.

  • 22.

    Luisa A, DiPietro L. Burns wound healing: methodes and protocols (Methodes in Molecular Medicine), Humana. Press. Inc 2003; 1: 3-16.

  • 23.

    Midwood KS, Williams LV, Schwarzbauer JE. Tissue repair and the dynamics of the extracellular matrix. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36: 1031-1037.

  • 24.

    Bonte F, Dumas M, Chadgne C, Meybeck A. Influence of Asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Med 1993; 60: 133-135.

  • 25.

    Shukla A, Rasik AM, Dhawan BN. Asiaticoside-induced elevation of antioxidant levels in healing wounds. Phytother Res 1999; 13: 50-54.

  • 26.

    Trabucchi E, Preis-Baruffaldi F, Baratti C and Montorsi W. Topical treatment of experimental skin lesions in rats: macroscopic, microscopic and scanning electron-microscopic evaluation of the healing process. Int J Tissue React 1986; 8: 533-544.

  • 27.

    Cohen IK, Diegelmann RF, Lmdblad WJ. Wound healing: Biochemical and clinical aspects. Philadelphia: Saunders. 1992; ISBN: 0721625649.

  • 28.

    Wegener T, Kraft K. Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.): anti-inflammatory action in upper respiratory tract infections. Wien Med Wochr 1999; 149: 211-216.

  • 29.

    Stefan F, Zita F, Iveta P, Juraj K. Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil on antioxidative status in broiler chickens. Acta Vet Brno 2009; 78: 411-417.

  • 30.

    Kanuri G, Weber S, Volynets V, Spruss A, Bischof SC, Bergheim I. Cinnamon extract protects against acute alcoholinduced liver steatosis in mice. J Nutr 2009; 139: 482-487.

  • 31.

    Anderson RA, Broadhurst CL, Polansky MM, Schmidt WF, Khan A, Flanagan VP, et al. Isolation and characterization of polyphenol type-A polymers from cinnamon with insulin-like biological activity. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 65-70.

  • 32.

    Blomhoff R. Antioxidants and oxidative stress. Tidsskrift for Praktisk Med 2004; 124: 1643-1645.

  • 33.

    Ooi LS, Li Y, Kam SL, Wang H, Wong EY, Ooi VE. Antimicrobial activities of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese medicinal herb Cinnamomum cassia Blume. Am J Chin Med 2006; 34: 511-522.

  • 34.

    Westra WH, McMurray JS, Califano J, Flint PW, Corio RL. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue associated with cinnamon gum use: a case report. Head Neck 1998; 20: 430-433.

  • 35.

    Muir AD, Westcott ND. Flax: The Genus Linum. Taylor and Francis Inc; 0-415-30807-0 New York. 2003.

  • 36.

    Dyson M, Young S, Pendle CL, Webster DF, Lang SM Comparison of the effects of moist and dry conditions on tissue repair. J Invest Dermatol 1988; 91: 434-439.