Relationship between the history of kidney disease, clinical findings, hospitalization duration, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

authors:

avatar Samaneh Arab ORCID , avatar Zahra Ebrahimi , avatar Amin Izadi ORCID , avatar Hamid Madanchi , avatar Maliheh Yarmohamadi ORCID , avatar Mahboobeh Darban , avatar Anna Abdolshahi ORCID , *

Koomesh: Vol.24, issue 1; 102-108
published online: March 02, 2022
article type: issue_documents_importer
received: January 01, 2021
accepted: August 02, 2021

how to cite: Arab S, Ebrahimi Z, Izadi A, Madanchi H, Yarmohamadi M, et al. Relationship between the history of kidney disease, clinical findings, hospitalization duration, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. koomesh. 2022;24(1):e154091. 

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most critical conditions in the world today is coronavirus (COVID-19). The rapid and unexpected incidence of the disease in various communities has been raised many concerns. Although the respiratory and immune systems are the main targets of COVID-19, acute kidney damage and protein excretion in the urine have also been reported. Managing the disease is even more challenging in patients with kidney disease, especially in people under the pressure of the immune system or severe complications. The effects are especially severe in people with defective immune systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the history of kidney disease, clinical findings, hospitalization duration, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was aimed to assay the relationship between the history of kidney disease, clinical findings, hospitalization duration, and mortality by evaluating the COVID-19 patients at Semnan Kowsar hospital (Iran). The sample size was included 60 patients (30 patients with a history of kidney disease and 30 patients without any underlying disease). Results: The patients;#39 age was 61.5±16.94 in the renal failure group and 63.77±17.09 in the non-underlying disease group that was not significantly different from each other (P=0.608). Hypertension and cardiovascular disease were observed in renal failure by 56.7% and 46.7%, respectively. The most underlying disease was among patients with renal failure. Also, mortality in the group of patients with renal failure (40%) was significantly higher than the group of patients without underlying disease (13.3%) (P=0.021). No significant difference was observed considering hospitalization duration between the two groups. Conclusion: The risk of mortality in renal failure patients with COVID-19 shows a significant increase compared to the general population. Immune system dysfunctions and the presence of underlying diseases such as hypertension and heart disease make these patients more susceptible to COVID-19, a severe form of the disease, and ultimately an increased mortality rate.

References

  • 1.

    Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316 PMid:31995857 PMCid:PMC7121484.

  • 2.

    Yousefi B, Valizadeh S, Ghaffari H, Vahedi A, Karbalaei M, Eslami M. A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID19. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235: 9133-9142. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29785 PMid:32394467 PMCid:PMC7273044.

  • 3.

    Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical care crisis and some recommendations during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med 2020; 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05979-7 PMid:32123994 PMCid:PMC7080165.

  • 4.

    Cao Z, Zhang Q, Lu X, Pfeiffer D, Jia Z, Song H, et al. Estimating the effective reproduction number of the 2019-nCoV in China. ed Rxiv 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.27.20018952.

  • 5.

    Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25689 PMid:31994742 PMCid:PMC7167192.

  • 6.

    Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020; 395: 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.

  • 7.

    Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, Xiang ZC, Guo L, Xu T, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133: 1015-1024. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000722 PMid:32004165 PMCid:PMC7147275.

  • 8.

    Carlos WG, Dela Cruz CS, Cao B, Pasnick S, Jamil S. Novel wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201: P7-P8. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2014P7 PMid:32004066.

  • 9.

    Lei J, Li J, Li X, Qi X. CT imaging of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 200236. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200236 PMid:32003646 PMCid:PMC7194019.

  • 10.

    Malek F, Masoodian N, Samaei A, Gohari A, Reshadat S, Aryan H, et al. Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19: a case series of Iranian patients. J Cell Mol Anesth 5: 271-273. (Persian).

  • 11.

    Yousefi B, Eslami M. Genetic and structure of novel coronavirus COVID-19 and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenicity of coronaviruses. Rev Med Microbiol 2021. (Persian). https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000265.

  • 12.

    Habibi D, Usefi S, Moslemi A. Five-year survival rate and factors affecting the survival of hemodialysis patients. Koomesh 2019; 21: 271-275. (Persian).

  • 13.

    Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int 2020; 98: 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003 PMid:32327202 PMCid:PMC7194105.

  • 14.

    Rafiq M, Viswanatha G, Mohammed Azeemuddin M, Suryakanth D, Uday Kumar V, Patki P. Cystone, a well-known herbal formulation improves renal function in rats with acute renal failure (ARF) induced by Glycerol intoxication. Iran J Pharmacol Ther 2012; 11: 40-50.

  • 15.

    Sarnak MJ, Jaber BL. Pulmonary infectious mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. Chest 2001; 120: 1883-1887. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.120.6.1883 PMid:11742917.

  • 16.

    Fadaii A, Koohi-Kamali H, Bagheri B, Hamidimanii F, Taherkhanchi B. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Iran J Kidney Dis 2013; 7: 60.

  • 17.

    Alberici F, Delbarba E, Manenti C, Econimo L, Valerio F, Pola A, et al. Management of patients on dialysis and with kidney transplantation during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in Brescia, Italy. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5: 580-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.04.001 PMid:32292866 PMCid:PMC7128395.

  • 18.

    Chou CY, Wang SM, Liang CC, Chang CT, Liu JH, Wang IK, et al. Risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic kidney disease in outpatient and inpatient settings: a nationwide population-based study. Medicine 2014; 93. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000000174 PMid:25501062 PMCid:PMC4602797.

  • 19.

    Gilbertson DT, Rothman KJ, Chertow GM, Bradbury BD, Brookhart MA, Liu J, et al. Excess deaths attributable to influenza-like illness in the ESRD population. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30: 346-353. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2018060581 PMid:30679380 PMCid:PMC6362626.

  • 20.

    Valeri AM, Robbins-Juarez SY, Stevens JS, Ahn W, Rao MK, Radhakrishnan J, et al. Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31: 1409-1415. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020040470 PMid:32467113 PMCid:PMC7350989.

  • 21.

    Up regulated S, Up regulated E, Hyporeactive M. Overall immune profile and effect of chronic kidney disease on vaccination schedule. Infection 9: 22-25.

  • 22.

    Beigrezaei S, Heidari M, Tamadon MR. Role of adiponectin in patients with end-stage renal failure. Koomesh 2017; 19: 515-522. (Persian).

  • 23.

    Pourali F, Afshari M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Javidnia J, Moosazadeh M, Hessami A. Relationship between blood group and risk of infection and death in COVID-19: a live meta-analysis. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 37: 100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100743 PMid:32837730 PMCid:PMC7418722.

  • 24.

    Polverino F. Cigarette smoking and COVID-19: A complex interaction. American journal of respiratory and critical Care Med 2020; 202: 471-472. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202005-1646LE PMid:32530714 PMCid:PMC7397788.

  • 25.

    Collado S, Arenas MD, Barbosa F, Cao H, Montero MM, Villar-Garca J, et al. COVID-19 in grade 4-5 chronic kidney disease patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45: 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1159/000511082 PMid:32898845 PMCid:PMC7573888.

  • 26.

    Ng JH, Hirsch JS, Wanchoo R, Sachdeva M, Sakhiya V, Hong S, et al. Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19. Kidney Int 2020; 98: 1530-1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.030 PMid:32810523 PMCid:PMC7428720.

  • 27.

    Gansevoort RT, Hilbrands LB. CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16: 705-706. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-00349-4 PMid:32848205 PMCid:PMC7447963.