Suicidal Attempt After the Earthquake: A Letter to the Editor

authors:

avatar Kosar Yousefi 1 , avatar Ali Sahebi ORCID 2 , *

Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shiraz E-Medical Journal: Vol.21, issue 2; e93276
published online: July 9, 2019
article type: Letter
received: May 10, 2019
accepted: May 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.93276

how to cite: Yousefi K, Sahebi A. Suicidal Attempt After the Earthquake: A Letter to the Editor. Shiraz E-Med J. 2020;21(2):e93276. https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.93276.

Dear Editor,

Children and adults may be at risk of suicide after an earthquake, especially if they are subjected to physical abuse or emotional neglect by the family (1). This study is a report of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in databases, including PubMed, Scopus, web of science, Google Scholar, and Magiran, SID, using English and Persian valid keywords: (suicide), (earthquake), (natural disasters), (mental disorders), (attempt) and (AND) and (OR) operators from 2012 to May 2019. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline was used for systematic review and meta-analysis and the quality of studies was assessed by STROBE checklist (2). After reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria and qualitative evaluation of the articles, finally, three studies with good quality entered the meta-analysis stage as shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

Characteristic of Articles Extracted for Meta-Analysis

First AuthorYear of StudyYear of EarthquakeSample SizeMean AgeMale NumberFemale NumberSuicidal Attempt,%
Guo (3)20172008135754.346327253.3
Tanaka (4)20162008264115118214592.6
Carmassi (5)20152009475Not reportedNot reportedNot reported2.3

The total sample size was 4473. The binomial distribution was used to calculate the variance of each study and of the average weight was used to compound the prevalence in different studies. In order to evaluate the heterogeneity of the selected studies, I2 index was used. The heterogeneity of the studies was estimated at a low range (I2 = 0.0%). The prevalence of suicide attempt aftermath the earthquake was 0.3% with 95% CIs (0.2 - 0.3). The prevalence of suicidal attempt aftermath the earthquake had a significantly increasing trend, according to the year of the study. Earthquakes lead to an increase in the number of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) (6). The suicide rate has been reported 5.3/100,000 in Iran (7). Iran has experienced large-scale destructive earthquakes in recent years, including the Bam (2005) earthquake and Kermanshah (2017). According to the reported rate of suicide in Iran and the occurrence of large- scale earthquakes, special attention should be paid toward the likelihood of a suicide attempt after the earthquake. In the aftermath of an earthquake, assessment teams should identify individuals with suicidal ideations and a history of psychiatric disorders because they are at high risk of suicide than the others. Finally, this population should receive more mental support after they were identified.

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