Keywords
Dear Editor,
Infographics have emerged as an invaluable educational tool in surgery by presenting complex information visually. Unlike traditional teaching methods centered on textbooks, didactic lectures, and purely hands-on experience, infographics offer a novel approach to enhancing understanding, long-term retention, and eventual performance of surgical skills in the operating room (1, 2).
One of the key benefits infographics confer is the ability to simplify intricate surgical procedures, detailed anatomical structures, and advanced concepts into a visually appealing format for learners. By combining minimal text, vibrant images, flowcharts, illustrations, and other graphic elements, infographics can transform highly complex surgical techniques and anatomical relationships into a more accessible and understandable resource for surgical trainees (1, 3). This style of visual representation connects strongly with the natural human inclination to more readily process and commit to memory visual stimuli rather than pure text or verbal explanations. As such, integrating infographics into surgical education curricula can facilitate enhanced comprehension and improved knowledge retention among students compared to traditional teaching tools alone (2, 4).
Additionally, infographics allow for a structured hierarchical presentation of information in a logical order, enabling learners to first grasp the bigger picture and overarching surgical procedure before delving into the nuanced details. This organizational format is especially impactful in surgery, where developing a clear understanding of a technique's step-by-step progression and visualizing key anatomical landmarks is vital for success (3, 5). Infographics provide an excellent visual overview to help learners construct an accurate mental model or framework upon which they can attach further technical details and anatomical knowledge. This establishes a solid foundation for comprehending the complex interdependencies and tissue planes involved in various surgical approaches (4, 6).
Beyond enhancing understanding, infographics also promote more active engagement and development of critical thinking skills among surgical trainees. By presenting core information in a condensed yet visually striking format, infographics encourage learners to meticulously analyze the data, identify meaningful patterns and connections, interpret the key takeaways, and synthesize the information to foster coherent comprehension. Engaging with infographic content prompts higher-order cognitive skills beyond passive reception of material, which is essential for impactful surgical decision-making and adaptive problem-solving in the dynamic operating room environment (5, 7). Infographics can be particularly beneficial in teaching common surgical complications, as visual demonstrations of subtle signs of adverse events can accelerate pattern recognition and management strategies among surgeons in training (8).
Moreover, integrating technology and digital platforms into modern surgical education has only expanded infographics' potential utility and versatility for impactful learning. Online educational resources, interactive e-learning platforms, and surgical simulation software can readily incorporate dynamic and explorable infographics into their teaching tools. This allows for immersive learning experiences where surgical trainees can actively engage with infographic content related to complex anatomical relationships or challenging simulated surgical scenarios (6, 9). The ability to interact with infographics digitally promotes self-directed learning opportunities and can accelerate the development of clinical acumen and technical skills essential to safe surgical practice (7, 10).
Infographics also have the potential to enhance surgical education when combined with other methods. For example, infographics could be used alongside problem-based learning activities to visualize surgical concepts and processes. Infographics may help reinforce learning when paired with simulation-based training by providing pre- or post-training instruction. However, additional research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these combined approaches for surgical skills acquisition and clinical reasoning.
While the benefits are promising, more research is still needed to validate the effectiveness of infographics as a teaching modality in surgical education compared to traditional pedagogies. While infographics excel in simplifying complex principles, there is a risk of oversimplification that could lead to knowledge gaps. A hybrid approach coupling targeted infographics with established teaching methods is likely the optimal solution (11).
In conclusion, infographics offer transformative potential in modernizing surgical education through the power of visual communication and media. By creatively integrating infographics into surgical curricula, textbooks, simulations, and e-learning platforms, educators can bridge the gap between theory and practice for trainees. This will enhance the efficiency of knowledge transfer, bolster preparation for the demands of the operating room, and ultimately sculpt the next generation of skilled surgeons equipped to safely care for patients. Further research into optimal implementation strategies will be key to unlocking the full educational potential of this innovative pedagogical tool.
References
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Murray IR, Murray AD, Wordie SJ, Oliver CW, Simpson A, Haddad FS. What surgeons need to know about infographics. Bone Joint J. 2017;99-B(12):1557-8. [PubMed ID: 29212675]. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.99B12.BJJ-2017-1301.
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Trompeter A, Knight R, Parsons N, Costa M. Infographic: The Orthopaedic Trauma Society classification of open fractures. Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B(11):1467-8. [PubMed ID: 33135441]. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.102B11.BJJ-2020-1998.
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Queen RM. Infographic: ACL injury reconstruction and recovery. Bone Joint Res. 2017;6(11):621-2. [PubMed ID: 29122748]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC5717074]. https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.611.BJR-2017-0330.
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Venkatesham M. A Study on ICT Awareness Among M. Ed Students of Telangana State. IMPRESS - ICSSR two days national seminar on Education on digital cultural and social media. Chidambaram, India. Annamalai University; 2019.
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Hobbs R. Create to Learn: Introduction to Digital Literacy. John Wiley & Sons; 2017.
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Orner D, Fornari A, Marks S, Kreider T. Impact of using infographics as a novel Just-in-Time-Teaching (JiTT) tool to develop Residents as Teachers. Preprint. MedEdPublish. 2020;9(1). https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2020.000289.1.